7. Consider the cyclic AMP second-messenger system a) Where in the cell is the r

Question

7. Consider the cyclic AMP second-messenger system a) Where in the cell is the receptor located that detects the first messenger? b) When the receptor binds to the first messenger, what type of protein does it initially activate? c) What molecule acts as the second messenger? d) Does the first messenger exist in the intracellular space or extracellular space? e) Does the second messenger exist in the intracellular space or extracellular space? f) What molecule is converted into cAMP? What enzyme catalyzes the production of cAMP? The second messenger binds to and activates what sort of protein? What does this protein do? i) Explain where signal amplification occurs in this cascade of events? j) The second messenger eventually is broken down into what molecule?

Explanation / Answer

A) The receptors are located in the plasma membrane of the target cell where it interacts with the first messenger

B) Receptors that are coupled, inside the cell, are G proteins.

(C) Examples of second messenger molecules include cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium.

(D) The first messenger exist in extracellular space ! . binds to a cell-surface receptor and initiates intracellular activity

(E) Secondary messenger exist in intracellular space ! Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecule

(F) The activated Gs alpha subunit binds to and activates an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase, which, in turn, catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Hence ATP IS THE ONE COVERT TO cAMP

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