5.3 Lipids What is the trait all lipids share? (72) Why are fatty acids consider
ID: 140240 • Letter: 5
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5.3 Lipids What is the trait all lipids share? (72) Why are fatty acids considered nonpolar? (72) Why can saturated fatty acids pack tightly together forming solid fats? (73) Why do unsaturated fatty acids form liquid oils instead of solids? (73) 5.4 Proteins What are the names of the two functional groups found in all amino acids? (75) What is the name of the "group" that differs with each amino acid? (75) What determines the unique characteristics of each amino acid? (Hint: see answer to previous questionl76 What are the monomers called of a protein (polypeptide) polymer? (78 Which level of protein structure is a linear chain of amino acids connected with covalent bonds? (80-Fig 5.18) Which bond stabilizes the attraction of the polypeptide backbone to itself in secondary structure? (80-Fig 5.18) Which part of the polypeptide interacts to determine the three-dimensional tertary structure? (81-Fig 5.18 52 An Introduction to Eaology and the Biosphere 52.1 Earth's Climate What has the most significant influence on the distribution of life on land? (1165) 52.2 Terrestrial Biomes identify the two most important abiotic features of terrestrial climate. (1168-9 and see Figure 52.10) 52.3 Aquatic Biomes . What portion of the world's surface is covered in ocean? (1175) 52.4 Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of species Why does the abiotic factor"temperature affect the distribution of life? (1183)Explanation / Answer
5.3 Lipids
a) All lipids are nonpolar moieties which make then hydrophobic i.e. water fearing molecules that don’t dissolve in water, however, they are readily soluble in nonpolar solvents
b) Lipids are nonpolar because they don’t possess any charge, they are electrically neutral.
c) Saturated fatty acids don’t contain double or triple covalent bonds. Presence of only single bonds make linear molecules of saturated fatty acid chains with no gaps. That’s why they are able to pack together very tightly to form solid fats.
d) Unsaturated fatty acids contain double or triple covalent bonds. The presence of double or triple covalent bonds form kink in the fatty acid chains that makes them unable to pack together tightly.
5.4 Proteins
a) Amino acids contain amine group (NH3) and carboxyl group (-COOH)
b) Amino acids differ with respect to the R Group (side chain)
c) The chemical composition of the R Group (side chain) determines the characteristics of the amino acid. This side chain gives amino acids a negative, positive, nonpolar or aromatic character.
d) The monomers of protein polymer are called amino acids
e) The linear chain of amino acids connected with covalent bonds determine the primary structure.
f) In secondary structure hydrogen bonds between the amino acids stabilize the polypeptide backbone
g) The proteins assume three dimensional tertiary structure due to the interaction between the side chains of the primary structure of polypeptide chain.
52.1 Temperature and water has the most significant influence on the distribution of life on land. Other factors which influence the life distribution are soil, Light and air.
52.2 Climate (temperature and precipitation) and soil quality are two most important abiotic features of terrestrial climate
52.3. The oceans cover 71% of the worlds surface
52.4 Temperature determines the availability and state of water and also the density of water. Due to the functional constraints, living organism survive in specific temperature range.
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