please answer me this questions thanks s SHORT ANSWER. 12) Since mature adipocyt

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please answer me this questions
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s SHORT ANSWER. 12) Since mature adipocytes rarely divide, how can adults gain weigh? 13) Tendon tears or breaks are difficult to repair both physiologically and surgically. Why? 14) How is epithelial tissue the opposite of connective tissue? 15) How can one tell the difference between stratified squamous epithelium and transitional epithelium? 16) How is blood unique among connective tissues? 17) What are the primary germ layers during embryonic development and what do they ultimately produce? 15) Explain what is meant by epithelial tissue being avascular but innervated.

Explanation / Answer

Ans12) Mature adipose cells do not divide to make more cells, but they can get larger. Adipocytes carry a fat-filled vacuole that can fill or empty, causing the cell to gain or lose volume. Obesity is distinguished by the expansion of fat mass, through adipocyte size increase (hypertrophy) and, to a lesser extent, cell proliferation (hyperplasia). In the fat cells of overweight individuals, there is an improved generation of metabolism modulators, such as glycerol, hormones, macrophage inciting chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance. Fat production in adipocytes is actively stimulated by insulin.
Ans13) Tendons are composed of dense regular connective tissue, which consists of densely packed, parallel connective tissue fibres. This kind of tissue has relatively few cells, and vascular supply is diminished; consequently, repair is slow. Because of the arrangement of the tissue, surgical repair can be compared to attempting to suture two bristle brushes together.
Ans14) In epithelial tissue the cells are bound together very tightly. Epithelial tissue is avascular. Epithelial tissue has three cell types that surface or line things and make tubes. Epithelial tissue has no fibres, and it tends to be polar. Connective tissue has cells aligned far apart and is highly vascular (except cartilage). The cells of connective tissue differ considerably in shape and size. Connective tissue adheres to other tissues together and has three fibre types. Connective tissue manages to be nonpolar. Connective tissue has a large measure of ground substance; epithelial tissue does not.
Ans15) Stratified squamous epithelium alters cell shape from the basement membrane to the outside. At the basement membrane, the cells are columnar or cuboidal and flatten out as they work their way to the surface. Transitional epithelium has cells that are moderately much the same shape from the basement membrane to the surface. The surface cells are usually the most critical cells. The cells alter their form according to the pressure applied.
Ans16) Blood does not give mechanical support, its matrix is fluid, the cells are loose, the fibres are soluble, it carries nutrients, waste products, and other substances and attaches to several gasses.
Ans17) The ectoderm produces skin, the nervous system, and all tubes opening to the outside. The mesoderm generates muscles and connective tissue. The endoderm produces all internal organs.

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