Need help with biology questions: 1. To increase the excretion of an acidic drug

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Need help with biology questions:

1. To increase the excretion of an acidic drug, what would you do to the urine?

Make it more basic

None of the above

Make it neutral

Make it more acidic

2. G-Protein coupled receptors directly act on which of the following secondary messenger molecules:

cAMP

ATP

ADP

GTP

None of the above or more than one of the above

3. Drug A and Drug B both produce the same level of biological/physiological response.   Drug A produces this effect with 100 mg/kg dose. Drug B produces this effect with 50 mg/kg dose. Which of the following is true?:

Drug B is more efficacious than Drug A. Both drugs are equally potent.

Drug A is more efficacious than Drug B. Both drugs are equally potent.

Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug A is more potent than Drug B.

Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug B is more potent than Drug A.

4. The stomach has a ______ pH, whereas the small intestines have a _______ pH. The colon has an approximately ___________ pH.

High; low; neutral

Low; high; neutral

Low; neutral; neutral

None of the above

5. Which receptor is most likely to reduce norepinephrine levels when activated?

alpha 2 adrenergic

alpha 1 adrenergic

dopamine D1 receptors

6. Which of the following statements are FALSE?

If the Vd of a drug is between 60 and 80 L the drug has likely distributed to the total body water of a 200 kg man.

In the enterohepatic system the activity of bacteria to remove conjugates from a drug in the gut will decrease the clearance of the drug.

Lipid drugs are more likely to be reabsorbed by the kidney from the urine.

A weak basic drug (pKa = 6) will be mostly ionized in urine of a pH= 3 and only the non- ionized drug will be eliminated.

The major conjugate in Phase 2 metabolism is glucuronide.

7. Isoproterenol (-agonist) is a vasodilator that increases HR. What happens to systolic and diastolic pressures upon IV administration of isoproterenol?

systolic; diastolic

systolic; diastolic

systolic; diastolic

systolic; diastolic

None of the above

8. If you want to increase the blood concentration of a drug A, you can perform which of the following procedures:

Inhibit Drug A metabolism with Drug B

Enhance Drug A reabsorption from renal proximal tubule by changing ionization of Drug A with Drug B

Allow competition of Drug B with Drug A for active renal secretion processes

Increase the binding of Drug A to serum albumin

All of the above

9. Which of the following describes Phase I metabolism?

Inactive products are always produced in this phase.

Large molecules such as glucuronic acid are conjugated to drugs in this phase.

This phase may produce active metabolites from prodrugs.

This phase only occurs in the liver.

10. Which of the following is NOT an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic amines?

Phenylethanolamine N-methyl Transferase

Dopamine -hydroxylase

Tyrosine dehydroxylase

DOPA decarboxylase

All of the above

11. Why would an antibiotic at the same concentration be more active against bacteria in water than in serum or plasma? (Activity is measured in a test tube)

activity of the antibiotic is increased in water.

due to drug-protein interaction in serum

the antibiotic is more stable in water

all of the above

none of the above

12. Ion channels are targets for drugs. Which drug class targets Na+ channels?

Benzodiazepines

Beta blockers

Local anesthetics

Antihypertensive drugs (cardiac and smooth muscle)

Glibenclimide (diabetic drug)

13. _________________ not metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).

Dopamine

Epinephrine

Phenylephrine

Norepinephrine

All of the above are metabolized by COMT.

A.

Make it more basic

B.

None of the above

C.

Make it neutral

D.

Make it more acidic

Explanation / Answer

1. The drug must be excreted from the body rapidly. This can be achieved by altering the pH of urine. For acidic drug, the pH should be basic. Option A.

2. G- protein couple receptors directly acts on GTP. Converting it into GDP. Option D.

4. Option B.

The stomach has a low pH of 3.5. It increases gradually in the small intestine about 7.4 And nearly neutral in colon.

7. Isoprotrenol has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects.

Option C. Elevation in systolic and decrease in diastole.

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