Essay Questions 1. In what ways do C4 plants have an advantage over C3 plants. 2

Question

Essay Questions 1. In what ways do C4 plants have an advantage over C3 plants. 2. Explain the biochemical events of the Calvin cycle. 3. Compare and contrast C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis. 4. Outline the general biochemical pathway of photorespiration 5. Label and describe each step in the light nt reactions including all of the electron receptors 6. Compare and contrast the primary anatomical features of mesophytes, hydrophytes, and xerophytes. List examples. 7. Explain why less secondary phloem thar secondary xylem accumulates in the stem. 8. Explain the process by which cells and tissues are produced by the vascular cambium and cork cambium. Be specific as to the initials (including fusiform and ray initials) and their derivatives. 9. Illustrate and describe, in general, the stem secondary growth process from primary to secondary. 10. Explain the specific production of latewood, earlywood, sapwood, and heartwood secondary woody tissue as it pertains to both angiosperms and gymnosperms

Explanation / Answer

1)C4 plants have evolved more to adapt in drought and dry climates , C3 cant sustain in those climatic cinditions

In hot climate C3 uses oxygen which results in photorespiration while C4 plant uses an enzyme in mesophyll with help of usage of more Atp.

During some climatic conditions C3 have to undergo photorespiration which runs counter to photosynthesia.

Water loss is an significant issue in C3 plants

3) . C3 plants- *in c3 photorespiration is high

*It is typical to all the enviornments

* It has a single step in the pathway

*The first molecule produced in c3 pathway is 3 phosphoglyceric acid.   

C4 plants- * in c4 planta photorespiration is low

*It can sustain in tropical, drought,elevated ,daytime

* In c4 the no of steps in pathways are 2

*The first molecule produced mallic acid or aspartic acid.

CAM plants-. Plants use crassulacean acid metabolism.

* These are efficient at storing water.

* Stoma are opened at night to have co2

*Most in dry and arid conditions

*The molecule produced from co2 is malate.

6) Mesophytes - grow in neither extremely wet nor dry, average .have well developed root system,stem is solid erect and normally branched, leaves and branches provided with cuticle, anatomy is quiet normal.

Xerophytes- grow in dry or desert area , have long tap root,they have epidermis and thick cutile ,presence of epidermal hairs, minute stomata, , they have large portion of schlerenchyma, the leaves roll tightly.

Hydrophytes- grow in water and wet places,

Schlerenchyma ia absent, there is minimum development of vascular tissues , root caps and root hairs are absent, there is presence of air chambers.

4) biochemical pathway of photorespiration

This process results from oxygenase reaction catalyzed by ribulase 1,5 phosphate carboxylase .after that glycollate 2 phosphate is produced and sebsequently metabolised in photorespiratory pathway to form glycerate 3 phosphate . With the whole process co2 and NH3 are produced and ATP ia consumed

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