PLease answer all the questions need help. Thank you Questions Why is the genome
ID: 146979 • Letter: P
Question
PLease answer all the questions need help. Thank you
Questions
Why is the genome sequencing project of the introduced organisms important?
a. Haemophilus influenza genome
b. Human genome
c. Neanderthal genome
d. The giant panda genome
e. The barley genome
2. Which sequencing method was used for each genome project?
a. Haemophilus influenza genome
b. Human genome
c. Neanderthal genome
d. The giant panda genome
e. The barley genome
3. How different is the genome size of the five organisms?
a. Haemophilus influenza genome
b. Human genome
c. Neanderthal genome
d. The giant panda genome
e. The barley genome
4. Compare and contrast Chain Termination DNA sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing.
a. The basic principles of the sequencing method
b. Pros and Cons of each method
Explanation / Answer
=> Genome sequencing project of the introduced organisms important:
Haemophilus influenza has emerged as a significant cause of invasive disease among indigenous populations especially in small children. The sequencing is done to explore the possible understanding so that we can prevent the diseases in human body.
Human genome sequencing was important because information from DNA sequence could be used to develop new ways to treat, cure, or even prevent the thousands of diseases that afflict humankind. It could help in identification of beneficial as well as disease causing gene by comparing with the available genetic information from other organisms.
The sequencing of Neanderthal genome could help in the understanding the root cause of depression as it is the largest medical issue in the recent times.
The panda genome is sequenced which could help in collecting data and in understanding the genetic and biological underpinnings of this species, with special reference to its very specific niche in the environment and the molecular basis of its evolution. It sequencing effort was undertaken to gather information that could contribute to conservation efforts for an endangered species.
The barley genome sequencing was undertaken to provide understanding of genomics based crop improvement. The comparison with earlier genome projects like grass and other plants could identify certain features that could be improved to enhance the yield and quality of the crop.
2 => Sequencing methods for each genome:
Haemophilus influenza genome: whole genome shotgun sequencing.
Human genome: whole genome shotgun sequencing.
Neanderthal genome: Next generation sequencing/pyrosequencing.
The giant panda genome: next-generation sequencing technology.
The barley genome: shotgun sequencing.
3 => Genome size:
Haemophilus influenza genome: 1.8 Mb.
Human genome: 3,234.83 mega base pairs per haploid genome.
Neanderthal genome: 4 billion base pairs.
The giant panda genome: 3 billion base pairs.
The barley genome: 5.3 Gb.
4 => basic principles:
Chain Termination DNA sequencing is based on the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication.
The principle of Next Generation Sequencing is similar to that of Sanger sequencing, which relies on capillary electrophoresis. The genomic strand is fragmented, and the bases in each fragment are identified by emitted signals when the fragments are ligated against a template strand.
Chain Termination DNA sequencing: High precision and long read are possible. But it lack high throughput and expensive.
Next generation sequencing: It has lower cost, high throughput and high precision. But only short reads are possible.
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