Chapter 6 Simple and facilitated diffusion (passive transport) what types of sol
ID: 147022 • Letter: C
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Chapter 6 Simple and facilitated diffusion (passive transport) what types of solutes use simple vs. facilitated diffusion to move across membranes? what determines the rate of diffusion? what are the differences between simple and facilitated diffusion? Osmosis- the facilitated diffusion of water Reminder: tonicity describes the movement of water in or out of the cell, through a membrane that is impermeable to the solutes. This is why water must move to even things out name and describe the three-tonic environments. where does water move in each one? how is molality different from molarity? what is osmolality? connect osmolality with the net movement of water on either side of a cell. Active transport - what is the main difference between passive transport (diffusion) and active transport? Membrane potential what is the resting membrane potential of a cell? what causes this resting potential?Explanation / Answer
Simple and Facilitated diffusion (passive transport):
=> simple and Facilitated, both are passive, i.e. no energy is required and the solute moves from a high concentration to a low concentration. Water can move directly through the membrane while glucose is large molecule and uses facilitated diffusion (however, no energy is required but it uses protein carriers embedded in the plasma membrane which pick it up from the outside of the cell and spit it out on the inside of the cell).
=> Rate of diffusion is determined by 1) temperature (positive relationship), 2) the steepness of the gradient (positive relationship), 3) permeabilty of the membrane (increases diffusion), 4) surface area of the membrane (higher rate of difffuaion with higher surface area).
=> The differences between simple and facilitated diffusion:
In simple diffusion, the solute moves down the concentration gradient while in Facilitated diffusion, it move up the concentration gradient.
Simple diffusion don not require special protein while facilitated diffusion requires a protein (embedded in the plasma membrane) to facilitate the process.
Osmosis:
=> There are 3 "tonic" environment:
1) Isotonic: water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate.
2) Hypertonic: water moves out of the cell as the concentration gradient is lower outside.
3) Hypotonic: water moves into the cell because the concentration gradient is lower in the the cell.
=> Molarity is the number of moles of solute in per litre of solution while molality is the number of moles of solute in per kilogram of solvent.
=> Osmolality is amount of number of osmoles of solute particles per kilogram of solvent.
=> Water tends to move towards the solution that has high osmolality.
Active transport:
=> Active transport requires energy (in form of ATP) and passive transport does not.
Membrane potential:
=> The resting membrane potential is the charge difference between the cell membrane when at rest.
Resting membrane potential is the net result of the distribution of the charged particles.
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