84 California State Polytechmic University Pomna BACTERIA LABORATORY 2B Cells of
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84 California State Polytechmic University Pomna BACTERIA LABORATORY 2B Cells of Nostoe and Spirulina join to form filaments Are Nestoc and Spiralina unicellular or multicellular organisms? Would you consider the filament to represent an individual or a colony? In what ways might a filamentous growth form be advantageous? Cells of Nostoc and Spirulina are surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. In what ways might a gelantinous sheath be advantageous? Cells of Nostoe and Spirulina have a greenish hue. What does the presence of these pigments suggest? Are pigments held in organelles?Ifnot, where do they reside? Are these species autotrophs or heterotrophs? Are both of these species nitrogen-fixers? answer? On what evidence did you base your CLEAN, DRY AND REUSE GLASS SLIDES. DISPOSE OF USED COVER SLIPS IN THE BROKEN GLASS BOXES BY THE SINKS. OFFENSES AND DEFENSES The drive to scquire the resources (e-g, space, food, water) necessary to survive and reproduce without being dislodged, overgrown or killed in the process is a strong one, even among microorganisms. Under such pressures, microbial species (eg bacteria, molds and fungi, protists) with the capacity to produce and secrete inhibitory substances as a means of controlling the growth of competitors or deterring predators have a decided advantage. However, the battle is never won. A new offense places immediate selection pressure on the targeted population such that individuals possessing an effective defense are now favored over those who do not. Over time, the advantageous trait becomes more common among individuals, as those who possess the defense survive and reproduce. This natural selection process induced by a change in environmental conditions is the mechanism by which species evolve. Obhartney 2B-7Explanation / Answer
Antibiotics are simply chemicals that kill prokaryotic cells however don't hurt/harm eukaryotic cells. They are natural chemicals produced by fungi and bacteria that act to control their bacterial competitors.
The primary anti-toxin, penicillin, was found when Alexander Fleming saw that a parasitic contaminant in his bacterial culture was murdering the microscopic organisms. Rather than tossing the "terrible" culture plate away, he gained from it and changed the world. This has turned into an anecdote on the benefit of having a readied mind in the sciences.This has become a parable on the value of having a prepared mind in the sciences. Fleming realized in a moment that his "accident" had shown him something he could never have found intentionally.
now
Have you at any point thought about how antibiotics execute attacking microscopic organisms, while disregarding human cells? In spite of the fact that there are likenesses among microscopic organisms and human cells, there are numerous distinctions also. Anti-infection agents work by influencing things that bacterial cells have yet human cells don't.
Eukaryots do not have cell walls, while many types of bacteria do. The antibiotic penicillin works by keeping a bacterium from building a cell wall. Bacteria and human cells also differ in the structure of their cell membranes and the machinery they use to build proteins or copy DNA. Some antibiotics dissolve the membrane of just bacterial cells. Others affect protein-building or DNA-copying machinery that is specific to bacteria.
Different antibiotics have different mechanisms of killing bacteria
1. Beta-lactam anti-infection agents eliminate bacterial organisms that are encompassed by a cell wall. Microorganisms construct cell dividers by connecting particles together—beta-lactams obstruct this procedure. Without help from a cell wall, weight inside the cell turns out to be excessively and the membrane brusts. Models of beta-lactams incorporate penicillin and cephalosporin, which are utilized to treat numerous sorts of bacterial diseases.
2.Antibiotics in the macrolide bunch influence ribosomes, the cell's protein-building machines. Ribosomes assemble proteins in the both humans and bacteria, however there are contrasts among bacterial and human ribosomes. Macrolides square just bacterial ribosomes and keep them from building proteins. Since proteins do all the cell's work, a bacterium that can't fabricate proteins can't survive. Erythromycin, which is generally used to treat respiratory tract and skin diseases, is a macrolide.
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No we cant treat fiu , inflanza etc with antibiotics becoz they are viral diseases
Viruses are different to bacteria; they have a different structure and a different way of surviving. Viruses don’t have cell walls that can be attacked by antibiotics; instead they are surrounded by a protective protein coat.
Unlike bacteria, which attack your body’s cells from the outside, viruses actually move into, live in and make copies of themselves in your body’s cells. Viruses can't reproduce on their own, like bacteria do, instead they attach themselves to healthy cells and reprogram those cells to make new viruses. It is because of all of these differences that antibiotics don’t work on viruses.
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