Clinical Applications ngal infections such as athlete\'s foot are chronic. These

Question

Clinical Applications ngal infections such as athlete's foot are chronic. These fungi degrade toxins. Why do you suppose that many of the symptoms a fungal infection are due to hypersensitivity to the fungus? skin keratin but are not invasive and do not produce r working in a mushroom farm for several months, a worker develops these symptoms: hives, edema, and swelling lymph nodes. a. What do these symptoms indicate? b. What mediators cause these symptoms? 2. A fte How may sensitivity to a particular antigen be determined? d. Other employees do not appear to have any immunological reactions. What could explain this? (Hint: The allergen is conidiospores from molds growing in the mushroom farm.) 3. Physicians administering live, attenuated mumps and measles vaccines prepared in chick embryos are instructed to have epinephrine available. Epinephrine will not treat these viral infections. What is the purpose of keeping this drug on hand? 4. A woman with blood type A+ once received a transfusion of AB+ blood. When she carried a type B+ fetus, the fetus developed hemolytic disease of the newborn. Explain why this fetus developed this condition even though another type B+ fetus in a different type A+ mother was normal.

Explanation / Answer

Ans:

1. Because, allergic reactions to the ubiquitous pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi are models for the hypersensitivity. A description of certain of the features of the three clearly defined types of allergic hypersensitivity will be given as a source of reference for the subsequent discussion.

Delayed, Tuberculin Type of Hypersensitivity:

This is characteristic of the allergy of infection. The reaction to skin tests develops slowly and is maximal at 48 to 72 hours. The antibody responsible for the reaction appears to be linked to cells of the reticulo-endothelial system and is transported by circulating lymphoid cells to the site of the test reaction.

Immediate, Anaphylactic Type, Hypersensitivity:

This is characteristic of the clinical allergic disorders such as asthma, hay fever, conjunctivitis and urticaria. The reaction to skin tests is of the urticarial weal and flare type, developing within a few minutes, becoming maximal within 20 to 30 minutes and resolving within II to 2 hours.

Arthus Type Hypersensitivity:

Arthus reactions are customarily studied in experimental animals. Arthus reactions in man have been suspected because of the similarity of the histological changes in Arthus reactions in animals to those found in vascular reactions in man which are regarded as being possibly of allergic origin.

Fungal Hypersensitivity: Fungal hypersensitivity may be classified under two main headings:

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