Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular BioloEY 160 (2016) 118-126 Contents
ID: 148441 • Letter: J
Question
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular BioloEY 160 (2016) 118-126 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ELSEVIER journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsbmb Review Neuroendocrine underpinnings of sex differences in circadian timing CrossMark systems Lily Yan'. Rae Silver de Department ef Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824, USA Neuroscience Progrom, Michigan State University, East Lansin MI 48824 USA Phychelogy Department, Bamard College, New Yerk,NY 10027, USA Departmemt of Psycholoy,Columbia University, New York, NY 10027,US Department of Patholocy and Cell Biology Columbia University Health Sciences, New York, NY 10032, USA 1. The authors, Yan and Silver, use the example of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis to describe sex differences in circadian regulation of neuroendocrine system. Summarizes these differences and include in your answer steroidogenic sex differences present in inputs to the SCN, as well as circadian sex differences in pituitary, ovarian, and testes function. The authors describe circadian sex differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In your answer, summarize these findings with particular attention to differences glucocorticoid (GC) rhythms and amplitude and how difference may influence a sex-specific disorder subcapsular cell hyperplasia. 2.Explanation / Answer
The rapid activation of stress-responsive neuroendocrine system is the basic reactions. One well established responce is that of hypothalamo-pituitary adernal axis (HPA) in rats, corticosteroids is the major adernal steroid secreted and is released in direct response to adenocorticotropin(ACTH). thi ACTH is secreted from anterior pitutory gland. thus ACTH in turn is regulate by hypothalamic factor, corticotropin-releasing harmone. thus a sex difference exists in response of the HPA axis to stress. Females react more robustly than males. the HPA axis inhibit the reproductive function and HPA are in part of sex differenced due to differences in circulating gonadal steroid harmone It appears that testosterone can act to inhibit HPA function where as estrogen can enhance this HPA
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