Chapter 7: Neurons and Electrical Signaling OVERVIEW OF NS: The nervous system c

Question

Chapter 7: Neurons and Electrical Signaling OVERVIEW OF NS: The nervous system can be divided into 2 main anatomical parts: The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) s consists of the brain and spinal cord and receives/processes information from and viscera to determine the internal/extemal conditions PNS consists of neurons that provide communication between the CNS and organs throughout the body. PNS is further divided into Afferent (transmits sensory info) and Efferent (transmits ihio from CNS) info - The Efferent division is subdivided into 2 main branches: The Somatic Nervous System, which consists of the motor neurons that regulate skeletal muscle contractions. System, which consists of neurons that regulate the function of internal organs, glands vessels The Autonomic ervous and blood CELLS OF THE NS: The NS contains 2 main types of cells: Neurons, which are excitable cells and transmit electrical impulses throughout the body. Glial cells, which are far more numerous and provide support and homeostasis for the neurons. Neurons Typical neural structure includes: Cell body or soma, which contains a centrally located, dark-staining nucleus and most of the cell's organelles. As neurons age they lose the ability to undergo cell division Dendrites: neural processes that branch away from the soma and receive electrochemical impulses from other neurons at junctions called synapses Axon or nerve fiber: functions to send electrochemical information over relatively long distances called APs are defined as brief changes in membrane potential where the inside of the cell becomes positive. The axon hillock is where the axon stems form the cell body and is specialized for the initiation of APs.

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

Pseudounipolar Neuron: has a single process which branches in T form with two arms, one serving as axon, the other as dendrite, e.g. sensory neuron

Bipolar Neuron: Two processes, one axon and one dendrite, e.g., rods and cones and retinal neurons.

Multipolar Neuron: one axon and many dendrites, most common type of neuron in the body e.g. motor neuron.

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