Compare and contrast the pathway utilized by Vibrio cholerae to the pathways of
ID: 151333 • Letter: C
Question
Compare and contrast the pathway utilized by Vibrio cholerae to the pathways of aerobic respiration? What are the similarities and differences? Why do you think Vibiro cholerae has evolved a unique mechanism for generating energy? Does identification of this pathway give us any useful information for treating or preventing cholera? Compare and contrast the pathway utilized by Vibrio cholerae to the pathways of aerobic respiration? What are the similarities and differences? Why do you think Vibiro cholerae has evolved a unique mechanism for generating energy? Does identification of this pathway give us any useful information for treating or preventing cholera?Explanation / Answer
Cholera is an enterotoxin secreted by the bacterium vibrio cholerae, which is unusual in having two circular chromosome rather than one.Genes for cholera toxin are present on the integrated phage genome,CTA and CTB.The cholera toxin is an oligomeric complex made up of six protein subunits:a single copy of the A subunit and five protein binds to the ganglioside GM1 present on the surface of the intestinal epithelium.The A subunit ribosylates the Arg residue of the alpha subunit of Gs protein.ADP ribose is provided by the intracellular NAD.This ADP ribosylation alters the A subunit so that it can no longer hydrolyze its bound to GTP,causing it to remain in an active state that stimulates adenylyl cyclase indefinitely.The resulting prolonged elevation in cyclic AMP levels within intestinal epithelium causes activation of PKA.This phosphorylates CFTR and Na and H exchanger present in the intestinal epithelial cells causes large efflux of chloride and sodium ion and water into the gut ,thereby causing the severe diarrhea that characterizes cholera.
Treatment for cholera includes,zinc treatment for children,primary goal is rehydration therapy,and giving Tetracycline antibiotics.
Whereas aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria,breakdown of glucose into pyruvate in cytosol,invoving transfer of electrons,through ETC cycle.
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