7. Which animal would have the highest percentage of unsaturated fatty acid chai

Question

7. Which animal would have the highest percentage of unsaturated fatty acid chains in their membranes, an animal adapted for a cold climate or an animal adapted for a hot climate? Why? What is the effect of cholesterol in the membrane at low and high temperatures? In a nondividing cell such as a liver cell, why must the flow of membrane between compartments be balanced, so that the retrieval pathways match the outward flow? Would you 8. expect the same balanced flow in a gut epithelial cell (lines the inside of the intestine) which is actively dividing?

Explanation / Answer

7.An animal adapted to cold climate, they live in freezing waters. In order to maintain an appropriate fluidity of their membranes under such extreme conditions, they require a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acid chains.

Cholesterol increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures and decreases fluidity at higher temperatures. Thus, cholesterol increases the temperature range where the membrane is fluid. It does this by associating between adjacent phospholipids in a membrane. The hydroxyl group associates with the phospholipid head while the steroid rings and the hydrocarbon tail of the cholesterol associate with the fatty acid tail.

cholesterol: At high temperatures, cholesterol makes the membrane less fluid by restraining phospholipid movement. However, because cholesterol also hinders the close packing of phospholipids, it lowers the temperature required for the membrane to solidify.

8.The pathways match the outward flow to bnrng back the membrane and specific proteins back to the start. In a liver cell, its not important for synthesis of a new membrane.

If the flow of membrane were not balanced in a nondividing liver cell, it will result in growing in size and others would shrink . Keeping all the membrane compartments the same relative size is essential for proper functioning of a liver cell. The situation is different in a growing cell such as a gut epithelial cell.

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