notes before questions LAERCISE 4B ENZYMES Functional and Structural Analysis OB
ID: 152372 • Letter: N
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notes before questions
LAERCISE 4B ENZYMES Functional and Structural Analysis OBJECTIVES Upon the completion of this exercise the student should be able to 1. make a standard curve for estimation of maltose concentration 2. set up hydrolysis of starch into maltose using the enzyme amylase 3. explain the relationship between amount of maltose produced and the activity of amy 4. design experiment(s) with appropriate controls to test your hypothesis 5. obtain amino sequences of the enzyme, amylase, from the NCBI online database. 6. use bioinformatics tools to analyze primary structures, compare amino acid sequences and generate a 3D structure of each enzyme Chemical reactions that take place in the cell do not occur randomly, they are controlled by biological catalysts, called enzymes. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up by the reaction. Enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction by lowering the initial amount of energy required, called the activation energy (E. Activation energy is required by all chemical reactions to break certain bonds (free up electrons) in the reactant(s) so that new bonds can form, resulting in product formation. Enzymes use energy from the surrounding environment to increase molecular movement and cross the activation energy barrier to start a reaction but do not provide energy Most enzymes are proteins whose primary structure is dictated by genes. Enzymes do not become active until the polypeptide chains are folded into a unique 3 dimensional (3D) shape. The 3D structures are held together by various non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ionicnts bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobie and rctants Van der Waals interactions. It is vital for proteins to maintain their unique 3D shape in their respective environment. Reaction coordinateExplanation / Answer
Most enzymes are proteins
Most of the enzymes are protein because of structural organisation of protein. Proteins are capable of fold their structures. Enzymes are generally made up of amino acid binded together through peptide bond. The sequence of amino acis specifies the structure of enzyme .Enzymes are generally globular protein. The structure of enzyme cannot be determine by alone but it can be determine by both substrate and enzyme. Enzymes can be deactivated by temperature or pH like protein.
Some RNA also work as enzyme . They are called ribozyme.
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