SHORT ANSWER (50-80 words at most) 1. The water level along ocean coastlines var

Question

SHORT ANSWER (50-80 words at most)

1. The water level along ocean coastlines varies with the tides, which can be predicted for individual locations. Why do the timing and magnitude of tides differ from station to station along a coastline and why are they predictable?

2.What physical factors determine whether specific ocean environments are habitable by particular marine organisms, and how are different biota adapted to their habitat?

3. Which regions of the ocean tend to most productive in terms of fish stocks? What characteristics of these areas enables them to sustain substantive fish populations?

4.How do beaches evolve through natural processes and why are they sometimes altered by coastal engineering (i.e., man-made structures)?

Explanation / Answer

1. Tides on the sea can fluctuate by many meters (horizontally) from station to station between coastlines. Tides travel as waves (moving at about 20 ms1 in shallow seas and at hundreds of ms1 in the deep ocean). Land masses interrupt he tidal waves that transverse the oceans. When the tidal wave crosses onto the shelf seas, the wave's speed decreases and the wave is refracted by the local bathymetry. Also, land masses prevent the tidal wave from moving in a uniform direction.

The planning of the high and low tides is effortlessly anticipated knowing the places of the Sun and Moon. The tide at any place can be thought of as the sum of a large number of components, called constituents, each of which is associated with a distinct physical (usually astronomical) cause. Adding up the effects of all the constituents at a given location provides a full tidal prediction.

2. Marine organisms have adapted to the great diversity of habitats and distinctive environmental conditions in the marine environment. Some Physical factors that affect habitation of specific marine organisims are as folloes:

Density- Seawater is in excess of 800 times denser than air. This high thickness is identified with saltiness and temperature and implies that protests that may soak in freshwater can skim in seawater. This bigly affects life in the ocean. For instance, the marine biological system has networks of planktons – tremendous quantities of skimming creatures that are kept interminably above water because of the thickness of seawater. It likewise clarifies why marine creatures can develop to be such a great amount of greater than the biggest creatures ashore.

Salinity- The salinity (or saltiness) of seawater changes extensively all through the world's seas. Albeit most seawater has a saltiness of around 3– 4%, it can reach up to very nearly 40% in a few territories. Marine creatures are adjusted to keep their body salts at a steady level, so they don't meddle with the digestion inside cells, yet noteworthy changes in saltiness can cause issues for a few. For instance, some marine creatures are depicted as stenohaline, which implies they can't adapt to substantial saltiness changes; others are euryhaline and can endure an extensive variety of salinities.

pH- pH is a proportion of the sharpness or alkalinity of an answer. Unadulterated water is said to be unbiased. The pH of seawater is around 8, however this changes marginally all through the world. There is logical proof that proposes that the pH in our seas is diminishing and in this way ending up more acidic. This could impactsly affect life in the ocean. For instance, numerous marine species depend on calcium carbonate to construct a shell or skeleton.

3. The tropical region crossing the planet's midriff is organically different, giving a good territory to an extensive assortment of fishes, the beach front areas of the temperate and polar zones are profoundly beneficial. The Southern Sea encompassing Antarctica, a standout amongst the most naturally rich sea frameworks on the planet, far surpasses the creation levels found in any tropical ocean. The biological productivity found in a temperate coastal body of water like the Gulf of Maine could not be matched by a coral reef of equivalent size. Tropical waters are characterized by high light levels and nutrient-poor (crystal-clear) waters.

Of the 13,000 marine fish species discovered around the world, the larger part of financially important marine species are found in mild waters. A large number of the marine species accessible in a common neighborhood angle showcase, including Atlantic herring and abalone, cod and cusk, halibut, hake and haddock, monkfish and mackerel, salmon and swordfish, blue mussels, northern lobsters and ruler crabs, could never be gotten in tropical waters. Wars have been battled and vendors have made fortunes on account of the fish stocks found in temperate oceans around the world.

4. A beach is a geologic formation that is located along a large body of water, including lakes, rivers, and oceans. Beaches are characterized by the presence of tiny pieces of organic sediment. The sediments may be composed of sand, rock, shell, algae, or pebbles. Natural beaches may take thousands of years to evolve, a process that is the result of constantly moving water that erodes the land located around its edge. Essentially, rocks or coral reefs located off the shore are worn down by moving waves. Additionally, rivers and rainwaters may erode rocks located further inland. These sediments are deposited.

Shoreline engineering is a general phrase that refers to any method of changing or altering the natural shoreline system in order to stabilize it. Methods of stabilizing shorelines range from the simple planting of dune grass to the complex emplacement of large seawalls using draglines, cranes, and bulldozers.

Beach erosion caused by man may be greater and more spectacular than nature’s own.

The ocean-side beaches of North Carolina have fewer engineering mistakes on them than do other states (New Jersey, for example), but this is largely because fewer projects have been carried out; our overall batting average is not too impressive. A few years ago the National Park Service announced that a total of $21 million had been spent to save Outer Banks beaches north and south of Hatteras, but the shoreline continues to retreat. The economic and environmental price of stabilizing the ocean-side beach is stiff indeed. Public awareness of the magnitude of this problem is essential.

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