aVESTIGATION 3: AN ANALOGY TO CURRENTAND RESISTANCE you found in Activity 1-5 th
ID: 1530018 • Letter: A
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aVESTIGATION 3: AN ANALOGY TO CURRENTAND RESISTANCE you found in Activity 1-5 that current is not used up in flowing through a bulb, but this may seem counterintuitive to you. Also, how can we explain that there is less current in the circuit with two bulbs instead of one? Lots ofphysics teachers have invented analogies to help explain these electric circuit concepts. One approach is to construct a model of a gravitational system that is in some ways analogous to the electrical system you are studying. This is shown in Figure 4-5. It is believed that the electrons flowing through a conductor have collisions that slow them down and change their directions. Between collisions each electron accelerates and finally staggers through the material with an average drift velocity, Udrih Figure 4.15: A simplified depiction of an electron in a uniform electric field staggering through a conductor as a result of collisions. Despite the constant force to the right caused by the electric feld, these collisions cause the electron to move through the conductor with a constant average velocity, (van velocity" (instead of accelerating). As you saw in Investigation 2, we can talk about the resistance to flow ofelectrons that materials offer. A wire has a low resistance. light bulb has a much higher resistance. Special electric elements that resist current are called resistors. You will examine the behavior of these in electric circuits in future labs. Figure 4-16: An analog to electric cument and resistance. It is possible to use a two-dimensional mechanical analog to model this picture of cument through conductors. You should note that the real flow ofelectrons is a three- dimensional affair. The diagram for the two-dimensional analog is reproduced in Figure 4-16.Explanation / Answer
Q.E3.1) Role of battery is played by the girl
Balls represents the electric charge and moving ball represents current.
Collision of balls with fixed obstacles.
Q.E3.2) The energy supplied by the battery used in two way to overcome the loss of energy during collisions with fixed positive ions. and to help circuit to work i.e. glowing of a bulb. Role of bulb is played by sound production during collisions. Current will not decrease due to resistance because electrons are presents everywhere.
Q.E3.3) Current is flow of charges i.e electrons so electrons are also presents inside the filament of the bulb so number of electrons passing through given conductor per unit time remains same.
Q. E3.4) As we see in the model here ball tries to accelerates due to acceleration due to gravity in the mean while it collide with the obstacle where it losses its acceleration so if we see at all balls seems moving at a constant slow speed as expected.
Q.E.3.5) We will increase the height from where we drop balls i.e. potential . Current also increases after increasing the length.
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