3. In comparison to the neutral phase of ENSO (i.e., in comparison to normal con
ID: 153062 • Letter: 3
Question
3. In comparison to the neutral phase of ENSO (i.e., in comparison to normal conditions), what are the conditions in the South Pacific during the El Niño phase of ENSO, in terms of the pressure patterns, relative strength and direction of the trade winds, upwelling along the west coast of South America, sea surface temperatures, and rain patterns? 4. In comparison to the neutral phase of ENSO (i.e., in comparison to normal conditions), what are the conditions in the south Pacific during the La Niña phase of ENSO, in terms of the pressure patterns, relative strength and direction of the trade wind upwelling along the west coast of South America, sea surface temperatures, and rain patterns? s. Changes in weather associated with ENSO are due to its effect on the jet stream. Explain, in general terms, how ENSO affects the pattern of the jet stream and how that, in turn, affects global weather patterns 6. Summarize the changes from a normal winter (December- February) in air temperature and precipitation patterns in the United States during an El Niño phase of ENSO (hint: see the summary graphic in the Weather Impacts section for example the typical changes from a normal winter in air temperature and precipitation patterns in the south-central and southeast United States, during an El Niño phase of the ENSO cycle, are wetter and cooler than normal.) 7. Summarize the changes from a ormal winter (December February) in air temperature and precipitation patterns in the United States during a La Niña phase of ENSO (hint: see the summary graphic in the Weather Impacts section) 8. Summarize the change from normal in the number and intensity of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic during a moderate to strong El Niño phase of ENSCO
Explanation / Answer
3) El nino is the warm phase of the ENSO(El nino Southern oscillation). It takes place when the trade winds, blowing from the eastern pacific ocean to the western pacific ocean, are weakened. Generally the equatorial regions get more heat from the Sun than other regions of the earth. Pacific ocean is the vast ocean in the tropical region. The portions of the pacific in the tropical area receives great amount of heat and generates warm surface waters. This warm surface water is moved towards the western pacific mainly by the action of the trade winds. So, the western portion of the tropical pacific ocean remains warm and the cold waters from the deeper portions of the ocean is upwealed on the eastern side,making this portion colder than general. Warm waters at the western portion of the pacific generates warm and humid air masses here. This humid air mass causes heavy rainfall in the adjoining areas of Australia and Asia, whereas in the eastern portion only cold air mass is prevailing at the time, which is incapable of producing rainfall. So, the conditions out here remain dry during the neutral phase of ENSO.With the occurrence of El Nino,trade winds are weakened, and the warm surface waters are not moved in the western portion. At this time, the above mentioned walker cell is disrupted and the warm waters cause greater temperature at the eastern pacific ocean. This warm condition also leads to greater precipitation on the eastern side. Sea surface pressure is generally directly related to the the sea surface temperature. At the time of occurrence of El Nino, eastern side of the pacific remain cold and the western side remain warm. So, the pressure on the western side remain greater than the eastern side of the pacific.
4) La Nina iis the colder phase of the ENSO. When the trade winds are stronger than general then only this situation takes place. Conditions are generally opposite to El Nino. In this phase temperature is lower in the eastern side of the pacific, precipitation is concentrated on the western side, and the surface pressure is greater on the eastern side.
5)El Nino and La Nina play a major role in distributing the jet stream over the US. Jet streams are high level swift winds that divide cold and warm air masses and steer tropical cyclonic winds into the US. These jet streams are shifted towards the north at occurrence of La Nina,as a result warm and dry weather remains on the southern portion of the US and conditions are wetter in the northwestern pacific. At the occurrence of El Nino, conditions are reversed and the southern portions are wetter than genera.
6)At the time of occurrence of El Nino weather conditions in the US remain wetter than general. At this time precipitations are greater than general in the southern portions. Whereas in the northern US conditions are generally colder than general. Temperature is also increased at this time.
7) At the time of occurrence of La Nina temperature in the US remain lower than general. Precipitation is also decreased at that time of winter. Southern portions of the US face drought conditions at this time.
3) El nino is the warm phase of the ENSO(El nino Southern oscillation). It takes place when the trade winds, blowing from the eastern pacific ocean to the western pacific ocean, are weakened. Generally the equatorial regions get more heat from the Sun than other regions of the earth. Pacific ocean is the vast ocean in the tropical region. The portions of the pacific in the tropical area receives great amount of heat and generates warm surface waters. This warm surface water is moved towards the western pacific mainly by the action of the trade winds. So, the western portion of the tropical pacific ocean remains warm and the cold waters from the deeper portions of the ocean is upwealed on the eastern side,making this portion colder than general. Warm waters at the western portion of the pacific generates warm and humid air masses here. This humid air mass causes heavy rainfall in the adjoining areas of Australia and Asia, whereas in the eastern portion only cold air mass is prevailing at the time, which is incapable of producing rainfall. So, the conditions out here remain dry during the neutral phase of ENSO.With the occurrence of El Nino,trade winds are weakened, and the warm surface waters are not moved in the western portion. At this time, the above mentioned walker cell is disrupted and the warm waters cause greater temperature at the eastern pacific ocean. This warm condition also leads to greater precipitation on the eastern side. Sea surface pressure is generally directly related to the the sea surface temperature. At the time of occurrence of El Nino, eastern side of the pacific remain cold and the western side remain warm. So, the pressure on the western side remain greater than the eastern side of the pacific.
4) La Nina iis the colder phase of the ENSO. When the trade winds are stronger than general then only this situation takes place. Conditions are generally opposite to El Nino. In this phase temperature is lower in the eastern side of the pacific, precipitation is concentrated on the western side, and the surface pressure is greater on the eastern side.
5)El Nino and La Nina play a major role in distributing the jet stream over the US. Jet streams are high level swift winds that divide cold and warm air masses and steer tropical cyclonic winds into the US. These jet streams are shifted towards the north at occurrence of La Nina,as a result warm and dry weather remains on the southern portion of the US and conditions are wetter in the northwestern pacific. At the occurrence of El Nino, conditions are reversed and the southern portions are wetter than genera.
6)At the time of occurrence of El Nino weather conditions in the US remain wetter than general. At this time precipitations are greater than general in the southern portions. Whereas in the northern US conditions are generally colder than general. Temperature is also increased at this time.
7) At the time of occurrence of La Nina temperature in the US remain lower than general. Precipitation is also decreased at that time of winter. Southern portions of the US face drought conditions at this time.
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