QUESTION 1 Exolain how global warming would affect the amount of 180 in ice and

Question

QUESTION 1 Exolain how global warming would affect the amount of 180 in ice and the ocean. What processes in the water cycle are important for determining the amount of 18o in these water cycle reservoirs? Path: p Words:0 QUESTION 2 We hypothesize that Earth has been much colder (and'or icier) than it currently is today. State two climate proxies and how they specifcally can be used to provide evidence that Earth was colder landor ice) in the past 12 Path: p QUESTION 3 Define what we mean by 'regional" and 'globa climate. What are the controlling fectors that determine regional and global climate? Words: Path: p Words:0

Explanation / Answer

ANswer 1: There are two isotopes of oxygen O16 and O18 we know that O18 is heavier than O16 therefore, during evaporation (during cloud formation) O-18 fractionate from O-16. O-18 because of its higher mass remain in the sea water, therefore, seawater become relatively enriched in O18 and depleted in O16. At the same time, the cloud becomes depleted in O18 and enriched in O16. Later, when these clouds( depleted in O18) precipitate on the glacier the ice formed contain fewer amount O18 and a large concentration of O16. We know because of Global warming, the glacial are melting which produce the water rich in O16. Due to excess melting of the glacial water the O16 rich water comes to the sea and mix with the seawater, therefore, the seawater becomes relatively enriched in O16. Therefore if we sample the ocean water which contains O18 in less amount or O16 in large amount it directly indicates the global warming effect.

Two climate proxies:

1.Hydrogen and deuterium concentration in Ice cores.

2. The O16/O18 values in the shells of microfossils( foraminifers)

The reason why we use O16 and O18 as climate proxies and how is already explained in part 1 of the question.

answer 3:

Regional climate: It is related to climate associated at local levels for eg if cyclone will comes it affect the community of only that area not the whole world.

factors

1.pressure

2.sunrays angle

3. distance from the equator

4. pollution or aerosols in the atmosphere

Global climate: It is related to the climate of the whole world. That is if the climate change occurs it will effect the whole global community.

factors affecting global climate change

1. Milankovitch cycles.

2. Solar activity.

3. Green House effect

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