To complese this worksheet, see the instructions in the sebook(Chapter&levestiga

Question

To complese this worksheet, see the instructions in the sebook(Chapter&levestigationi Table 1. Landscape Features and Processes Velcanic Island Observatieas: Ie the whine space anound the figure below.wine live obsevations a fferest parts of the landscape. There is no right answer, just wnite some of the hiags you notkoe the plsical appearance of Rack 0bservwion On Table 2, use the descriptions peovikled on this worksheet o ilestify the type eioous sock repeesenied and detening the harand potential associatod with cach rock type. Youructor may provide you with hand samples Table 2. Observations and Identification of Rocks Types on Island Examine the phetographs below and read the key characieristies listed or each sock type From these charcteridics, inler what kind of enuption probably Sormed the rock p hunds (fow bands) produced by flow oflighi-colored pamice, matris around the volcanic rocks in a matrix of powdery when the rock was mohen, Sehic pieces contains compactod ash and pamice, and beoen crysals of qwlrper pieces are dark gayglassy volcanic ash and smalker ock fragments Rock type (circle one(a) basalt Rock type (circle one fa)basalt Rock type tcincle one(a)asal eruption ofhigh-viscesity lava in adome eruption of high -vinscesity lava in adome enuption of high-viscosity lva in adome, (c) dome collagse that forms volcanic (c) done collagse that forms volcanisic) dome collagse that forms volkanis that forms a thick and bot depes, slow |thatforms a thick and het depost. (e> slow | thutfoems a thick and ki dpisil 4e, slow enling of ash from a tall euption colemn seg of ash from a tall erpion colnn sengof ash fom a tall ep colm

Explanation / Answer

•volcano related hazards are

1) Lahars

2) Tsunamis

3) pyroclastic density current

4) volcanic gas

Evidence and extent of these hazards are

*Lahars- it is one of the greatest volcanic hazards. It is similar to pyroclastic flows but contain more water. Lahars form

1) from debris avalanches that contain water from snow and I switch, when released , mixes with loose debris to form a Lahars.

2) from pyroclastic flows and surges which release water that mixes with the debris

3) from pyroclastic floors which dilute themselves with river water as the travel downslope

4) from natural Dam failure

5) from rainfall on loose material such as ash

Lahars that contain 20 to 60% sediment are usually very turbulent. Lahars that contain greater than 80 % sediment usually flows more smoothly. This smooth flowing Lahars usually travel much faster than the turbulent counterparts.

these are extremely dangerous Especially to those living in valley areas near a volcano . Lahars can undercut banks and cause houses on those Bank to be destroyed. It can bury and destroy man made structure including road and bridges.

*Tsunamis-a Tsunami is a huge sea wave, also known as seismic sea wave. They are very tall and height and have extreme power. A Tsunami is formed when there is ground uplift and quickly following a drop. Approximately 5 % of tsunamis are formed from volcanoes and approximately 16.9 % of a volcanic fatalities occur from tsunamis. it can affect an area larger than most other volcanic effect greater than 25 km. This was a great in size and Pawan heading towards land or boats but are minuscule out in open water. deposit from Tsunami are generally thin layer of sand that go much further than the original tide edge. These deposit are taken from the tidal zone and transported England during the occurrence of Tsunami. The depositor poorly sorted and many times contain pumice and lithic grains from eruption.

3) pyroclastic density current-pyroclastic density current represent a formidable challenge for volcanology. This is true in terms of scientific understanding of the Dynamics and also in terms of assessment of the hazard and risk. Explosive activity and Lava dome collapse at stratovolcanoes can lead to pyroclastic density current that produce Complex deposit and pose hazard to surrounding population. two dimensional computer simulation of dilute pyroclastic density current show that pyroclastic density current transport, deposition and hazard potential are sensitive to the shape of volcanoes slope down which they flow. It flow down a constant slope gradually over the simulated run out a distance due to a combination of sedimentation which reduces the density of pyroclastic density current and mixing with the atmosphere .

4) volcanic gas-the interaction between the viscosity and temperature of the Magma and the gas content determined if an erruption will be effusive or explosive. On a global scale volcanic gases produced our atmosphere and our ocean. Without the atmosphere and ocean, life would not have evolved on earth. gases emitted by volcanoes continue to influence the atmosphere but not to the extent of man made sources. Gases also pose a hazard at many volcanoes. At other volcanoes the graduate release of gas act as irritant and may pose a long term health hazard.

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