Number 18 Please. The terms \"vertical\" and \"horizontal\" are frequently used

Question

Number 18 Please.

The terms "vertical" and "horizontal" are frequently used in physics. Give operational definitions for these two terms. An operational definition defines a term by how it is measured or determined. Your definition should apply equally well in a laboratory or on a steep mountainside. Suppose you stand on a spring scale in six identical elevators. Each elevator moves as shown below. Let the reading of the scale in elevator n be S_n. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the six scale readings S_1 to S_6. Some may be equal. Give your answer in the form A > B = C > D. Order: Explanation:

Explanation / Answer

along vertical

S1 - mg = m*a

S1 = mg + ma

S1 = m*(g+a)

S1 = m*(g+2)

----------------

along vertical

S2 - mg = m*a

S2 = mg + ma

S2 = m*(g+a)

S2 = m*(g+2)

------------------

along vertical

S3 - mg = m*a

steady speed a = 0

S3 = mg + 0

S3 = mg

========================

along vertical

S4 - mg = m*a

S4 = mg + ma

S4 = m*(g+a)

S4 = m*(g+2)

============

along vertical

S5 - mg = -m*a

S5 = mg - ma

S5 = m*(g-a)

S5 = m*(g-2)

==============

along vertical

S6 - mg = -m*a

S6 = mg - ma

S6 = m*(g-a)

S6 = m*(9.8-9.8

S6 = 0

S1 = m*(g+2) S2 = m*(g+2) S3 = mg    S4 = m*(g+2)    S5 = m*(g-2)    S6 = 0

S1 = S2 = S4 > S3 > S5 > S6

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