1-Tavy, who had accompanied Kristina, Courtney and Sarah N. to Utah, decided tha

Question

1-Tavy, who had accompanied Kristina, Courtney and Sarah N. to Utah, decided that she would go fishing on the Green River rather than going to Arches National Monument. Before baiting her lure, Tavy decides it would be best to test the NO2- levels of the water. Finding these levels to be much too high3, Tavy realizes
a. That the balance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter must be off in this river.
b. That excess fertilizer may be running into the Green River
c. That fish in the river may be suffering from NO2- toxicity.
d. All of the above

2-Tavy, after finding elevated NO2- levels, decides to continue her river expedition by culturing additional aquatic microorganisms. She finds both Leptothrix and Caulobacter species in the river. Both of these bacteria
a. are sheathed.
b. produce motile daughter cells called swarmer cells.
c. are prosthecate bacteria.
d. are nitrifiers.

3. It is a snowy winter evening and James W. decides to curl up with a cup of tea and some good literature. He reads the following passage from EMBO Reports4:
One of these is a vicious little predator called Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus—literally 'bacteria eating'. “…I would say it's an excellent starting point: many of the features of the system make it plausible that it would work, but its development would be similar to that of pharmaceuticals, of which less than 5% finally make it to market,” Schuster explained. Unlike blockbuster antibiotics, different Bdellovibrio species have very specific tastes in different host bacteria. Schuster's species has a penchant for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a growing scourge of hospitals on account of its
rapidly emerging resistance to most antibiotics, including vancomycin.
To what application of Bdellovibrio does this passage refer?
a. To the potential use of Bdellovibrio as a “living antibiotic” with a high therapeutic index
b. To the use of Bdellovibrio to target certain overused antibiotics such as vancomycin
c. To the role of this sheathed bacterium in providing a surface on which Pseudomonas aeruginosa can form a biofilm
d. To the industrial applications of prosthecate bacteria such as Bdellovibrio.
e. All of the above

4. Caulobacter crescentus
a. reproduces by a process called assymetric transverse binary fission.
b. forms a prostheca called a stalk.
c. forms a holdfast that secretes a “glue” strong enough to hang an F-250 from a 1
inch ceiling tile.
d. all of the above
e. b and c

5-Brian is putting his mad model making skills to the test and decides to create a moving model showing motility via an axial filament. He thus creates all of the following for his model EXCEPT
a. Amphitrichous flagella that are within the periplasm (surrounded by the outer
membrane)
b. A spiral-shaped, highly flexible cell
c. Peritrichous flagella that form corkscrews.
d. A bipolar stigma
e. A and B
f. C and D

6.Trypanosoma rhodesience
a. is caused by an anaerobic parasite that lacks mitochondria.
b. is nonmotile.
c. causes the acute form of African sleeping sickness
d. all of the above

Explanation / Answer

1-Tavy, who had accompanied Kristina, Courtney and Sarah N. to Utah, decided that she would go fishing on the Green River rather than going to Arches National Monument. Before baiting her lure, Tavy decides it would be best to test the NO2- levels of the water. Finding these levels to be much too high3, Tavy realizes
a. That the balance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter must be off in this river.
b. That excess fertilizer may be running into the Green River
c. That fish in the river may be suffering from NO2- toxicity.
d. All of the above

2-Tavy, after finding elevated NO2- levels, decides to continue her river expedition by culturing additional aquatic microorganisms. She finds both Leptothrix and Caulobacter species in the river. Both of these bacteria
a. are sheathed.
b. produce motile daughter cells called swarmer cells.
c. are prosthecate bacteria.
d. are nitrifiers.

3. It is a snowy winter evening and James W. decides to curl up with a cup of tea and some good literature. He reads the following passage from EMBO Reports4:
One of these is a vicious little predator called Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus—literally 'bacteria eating'. “…I would say it's an excellent starting point: many of the features of the system make it plausible that it would work, but its development would be similar to that of pharmaceuticals, of which less than 5% finally make it to market,” Schuster explained. Unlike blockbuster antibiotics, different Bdellovibrio species have very specific tastes in different host bacteria. Schuster's species has a penchant for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a growing scourge of hospitals on account of its
rapidly emerging resistance to most antibiotics, including vancomycin.

To what application of Bdellovibrio does this passage refer?
a. To the potential use of Bdellovibrio as a “living antibiotic” with a high therapeutic index
b. To the use of Bdellovibrio to target certain overused antibiotics such as vancomycin
c. To the role of this sheathed bacterium in providing a surface on which Pseudomonas aeruginosa can form a biofilm
d. To the industrial applications of prosthecate bacteria such as Bdellovibrio.
e. All of the above

4. Caulobacter crescentus
a. reproduces by a process called assymetric transverse binary fission.
b. forms a prostheca called a stalk.
c. forms a holdfast that secretes a “glue” strong enough to hang an F-250 from a 1
inch ceiling tile.
d. all of the above

5-Brian is putting his mad model making skills to the test and decides to create a moving model showing motility via an axial filament. He thus creates all of the following for his model EXCEPT
a. Amphitrichous flagella that are within the periplasm (surrounded by the outer
membrane)
b. A spiral-shaped, highly flexible cell
c. Peritrichous flagella that form corkscrews.
d. A bipolar stigma
e. A and B
f. C and D

6.Trypanosoma rhodesience
a. is caused by an anaerobic parasite that lacks mitochondria.
b. is nonmotile.
c. causes the acute form of African sleeping sickness
d. all of the above

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