Each pair of items below illustrates a particular error in reasoning. Choose the

Question

Each pair of items below illustrates a particular error in reasoning.  Choose the letter of the logical fallacy contained in both items. Choose from the three fallacies shown below.

Circular reasoning (a statement repeats itself rather than providing a real supporting reason to back up an argument)

Personal attack (ignores the issue under discussion and concentrates instead on the character of the opponent)

Straw man (an argument is made by claiming an opponent holds an extreme position and then opposing that extreme position)

1/

• A candidate for mayor announces at a press conference: “Because I don’t want this campaign to turn nasty, I will not mention my opponent’s serious drinking problem.”

• This new treatment for AIDS was developed by a doctor who everyone knows is a lesbian. I don’t see why we should invite her to speak at the medical conference.

2/   

• Mr. Upton signed a petition to stop using animals in medical experiments. He must enjoy hearing about people who die of cancer.

• My mother doesn’t want me to go to the party the night before my final exam. She doesn’t care if I never have any fun.

3/

• The longer we sit in this traffic jam, the

longer it will take us to get there.

• Sheila is a real chatterbox because she never stops talking.

Circular reasoning (a statement repeats itself rather than providing a real supporting reason to back up an argument)

Personal attack (ignores the issue under discussion and concentrates instead on the character of the opponent)

Straw man (an argument is made by claiming an opponent holds an extreme position and then opposing that extreme position)

1/

Explanation / Answer

(1) Personal attack

(2) Straw man

(3) Circular reasoning

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