Complex molecules that are not typically found in the body and are the targets o

Question

Complex molecules that are not typically found in the body and are the targets of all adaptive immune s are known as found in the body intruders) dare the targets response D. lymphocytes 19 During the maturation phase, lymphocytes must learn to recognize their one specific antigen by binding to it. This is known as C. negative selection D, activation A immunocompetence B, self-tolerance 50. All of the following are antigen presenting cells (APCs) Except: C. Macrophages D. Cytotoxic T cells Dendritic cells A. B lymphocytes 51. Immunological memory is responsible for the speed and essence of the B secondary immune response D. Primary immune response C- passive humoral immunity 52. All of the following are true of class MHC proteins Except: A. They are found on almost all body cells B. They display antigens C. They are recognized by CD4 cells D. They bind antigens that are 8-9 amino acids long region of an antibody determines antibody cases. 53 The A. Light chain var binding site D. antigen 54. Which antibody class often circulates in the blood as a pentamer and 55. The chemical messengers of cellular immunity that influence cell development, differentiation immune responses are known as C Kinas D. prostaglandins A. cytokines B. antibodies 56. Which cells primarily function in the prevention autoimmune responses and suppression of of D. cells BT cell activity? B. cytotoxic Toils Helper T cells regulatory c, A. B hairs C. nasal 57. Surface barriers of the innate defense system include all of the Except in following intact skin B, red marrow can cover the pathogens (MACs) system 58. If hide their carbohydrate signature, the immune onto attack complexes bacteria which act as cells for histamines D, membrane margination A. opsonist B. CD4 C. following EXCEPT: by antibodies include all of the D. 59. Defensive mechanisms used C. agglutination EXCEPT 60. Complement proteins of the enhance phage surfaces to B. and kill pa C. secrete inflammation

Explanation / Answer

48. (A)Antigens are the foreign substance which is counteracted by adaptive immune system. Adaptive immunity is produced with the help of specialized lymphocytes and antibodies.

49. (D) Activation is the process during which the lymphocytes bind to its specific antigen during maturation. The B cell receptors (BCRs) are the membrane-bound protein complexes which contain antibodies that enables specific antigen recognition.

50. (D) Cytotoxic T-cells. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells that mediate cellular immune response. Classical APCs include dendritic cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes.

51. (B) secondary immune response. Immunological memory helps the adaptive immune system to very rapidly counteract to infections that have been encountered before.

52. (C )MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I is recognized by CD8 and MHC class II is recognized by CD4.

53. (C ) The stem or the Fc portion of antibody determines antibody class.

54. (D) IgM. IgM exists as a pentamer (19S immunoglobulin) but it can also exist as a monomer.

55. (A) Cytokinins are the chemical messengers of cellular immunity that helps in cell development and differentiation.

56. (D) Regulatory T cells function to prevent and down regulate the auto immune response and suppression of B/T cell activity.

57. (B) Red bone marrow is not included in surface barriers. Skin and mucous membrane are the main component of surface barriers.

58. (A) Opsonins such as C3b aid in phagocytosis.

59. (D) Margination: a phenomenon that occurs during the relatively early phases of inflammation.

60.( C) Secrete Interferons

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