Chief Complaint: 8-year-old girl with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and

Question

Chief Complaint: 8-year-old girl with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss.

History: Cindy Mallon, an 8-year-old girl in previously good health, has noticed that, in the past month, she is increasingly thirsty. She gets up several times a night to urinate, and finds herself gulping down glassfulls of water. At the dinner table, she seems to be eating twice as much as she used to, yet she has lost 5 pounds in the past month. In the past three days, she has become nauseated, vomiting on three occasions, prompting a visit to her pediatrician.

At the doctor's office, blood and urine samples are taken. The following lab results are noted:

blood glucose level = 545 mg/dl                 (normal = 50 - 170 mg/dl)
blood pH level = 7.23                                      (normal = 7.35 - 7.45)
urine = tested positive for glucose and for acetone / acetoacetate (i.e. ketone bodies)
(normally urine is free of glucose and ketone bodies)

Question: Explain in details the cause of Cindy’s diagnosis?

(Include in your answer what endocrine organ is not functioning and what hormone is involved)

Explanation / Answer

Blood glucose level in fasting condition is 108-125 mg/ml and 2 hr post prandial is 140-199 mg/dl. According to blood test results of Cindys blood glucose level is very high, even the kidney cant not reabsorb glucose at the time of blood filtration, so glucose concentration in urine is there. This condition is called glycosuria. The symptoms like polydipsea (To much intake of water), frequently urination, weight loss,and glycosuria all are related to diabetes. The presence of ketone bodies in urine also a symptom of diabetes.diabetes is cause by difficiency of insulin hormone, secrets from beta cell of pancreas. The normal function of insulin is to convert blood glucose in to glycogen and control the blood glucose level.

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