In a neotropical bee (a hymenopteran), there is a genetic polymorphism for eusoc

Question

In a neotropical bee (a hymenopteran), there is a genetic polymorphism for eusociality versus solitary breeding. In eusocial groups, female workers remain inside their home colony and raise full sisters (r = 0.75). Solitary queens raise their own offspring (r = 0.5) without the help of sterile workers. In one habitat, parasitoid wasps are common (lay their eggs inside bee larvae and kill the bee larvae) and there is a high risk of parasitism of bee larvae by these wasps, female workers increase the average number of sisters produced in the colony by 30 individuals, whereas solitary breeders produce an average of 5 offspring in this environment? In another habitat where there are no parasitoid wasps, helpers increase the average number of sisters produced in the colony by 10 individuals, whereas solitary breeders produce an average of 25 offspring? Determine whether cooperative or solitary breeding will be favored in each habitat by using Hamilton’s rule (Br > C) in each habitat. How are eusociality and larval predation linked to each other?

Explanation / Answer

According to your question, first we understand Hamilton’s rule Br>C it means Hamilton’s rule work only on one condition when total benefits are more than coast value in spp. According to altruistic rule when coast is too high compare to benefits than individual save only his offspring only not other. According to question

Parasitoid wasp lay egg inside eusociality been larva egg and kill been larva because in eusociality breeding only they increase female worker not queen offspring, and wasp larva kill all sterile female worker larva, and given information in question, Eusociality groups, female workers remain inside their home colony and raise full sisters, so there is a 100% chance to kill all been larva egg by prarasitoid wasp larva. But in case of solitary group. Solitary queens raise their own offspring (r = 0.5) without the help of sterile workers. So very less chance to kill queens larva because they rise their own offspring without sterile worker. And according to Hamilton’s rule benefits B= 5 and r=0.5 means 0.5x5=2.5 cost is c=less than one in solitary breeding so this can favour the Hamilton’s rule, and solitary queen can give favour to eusociality group,

Without parasitoid habitat- helper increase number so r=0.75 and benefits B=10 apply equation [Br>C] result 10x0.75=7.5 and the cost is not given, and in solitary breeding r=0.5 and benefits B=25 so 0.5x25=12.5 means 12.5 greater than cost and fulfilled Hamilton’s rule ,and in this habitat solitary breeding will give favour to eusociality breeding.

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