Select the true statements regarding ions, electrolytes, and free radicals. Chec

ID: 162768 • Letter: S

Question

Select the true statements regarding ions, electrolytes, and free radicals. Check all that apply. Free radicals combine quickly with molecules such as fats, proteins, and DNA converting them into free radicals and triggering chain reactions that destroy still more molecules ions are charged particles with equal numbers of protons and electrons. Dietary increases of antioxidants have been associated with increased incidence of heart attacks. The attraction of cations and anions to each other is important in maintaining the excitability of muscle and nerve cells.

Explanation / Answer

Let us analyse each statement one by one-

1. Free radicals are produced during metabolism and cellular respiration. They may also be produced by lymphocytes as a means of defense mechanism. However, free radicals can interact with fats, nucleic acid and DNA and damage their structural integrity, resulting in the production of more free radicals.

2. Electrolytes such as sodium, calcium and magnesium are important for maintiang the osmotic pressure of cells.Muscles need sufficient electrolytes--sodium, magnesium, potassium and chloride—in proper balance to function properly. The body manipulates the balance of these minerals inside and outside of muscle cells in order to get the muscles to contract and relax.

3. Ions are indeed charged particles. However, their charge results from either the loss of a proton or an electron. Hence, they do not possess equal number of protons and electrons.

4. Heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases are caused by an increase in free radicals in the body. Dietary antioxidants can help to alleviate these diseases by quenching the free radical concentration in the body.

5. As opposed to attraction, the excitability of a muscle or nerve cell rests on its ability to maintain a membrane potential. Two factors determine the net flow of ions across an open ionic channel: the membrane potential and the differences in ion concentrations between the intracellular and the extracellular spaces.

Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are true, while statements 3,4 and 5 are false.

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Select the true statements regarding ions, electrolytes, and free radicals. Chec

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