377 thermal energy has had only limited success. These phrases are deeply rooted

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377 thermal energy has had only limited success. These phrases are deeply rooted in our vocabulary, and they are used by both ordinary people and 8-1 THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER 376 Perhaps you are wondering why we are about to undertake a major study on heat Iransfer. After all, we can determine the amount of heat transfer for any kind of system for any kind of process using a thermodynamc body heur is understood to mean the thermal energy content of a hody Likewise, het how is understood to mean the transfer of thermal energy not the flow of a fluidlike suhstance. Also, the transfer of heat into a is frequently referred to as hear adsition and the transfer of heat out of a system as hear rejecsion. Thus we will refer to the thermal energy as hear and the transfer of thermal energy as hea Now or hear transfer When the raie of heat transfer Q is available, the oalamonr of heat (heat trinsfer per unit time) than we are with the atoi For thermos hottle as the hot coffee inside cools from C to SYC hy a thermos is primarily interested in how long it will be hefore the hot colfec question. Determining the rates of heat transfer to or from a system and provided that the variationwith time is known. For the special case The rate of heat transfer per unit surface area is called hewt s, and the average heat flux on a surfaze is expressed as (Fig, 8-3) thus the limes of cooling or heating, as well as the variation of the heat transfer The firsr law requires that the rate of heat Transfer into a system be egnnl to the rale of increase of the energy of that system. The second saw requires that heat be transferred in the direction of decresing Note that the beat lux may vary with time as well as position on the heat e one (Fig. 82. This is like the fact that a car parked on an inclined read must go down hill in the direction of decasing eleentiow when its brakes are released. It is also analogous to the electric current flowing in the direction of decreasine vohage or the fluid nowing in the 8-2AN OVERVIEW OF HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS In Chap. 3 we defined heat aransfer as the form of energy transferred from one systee to awother as a nalt of sewperature difference between the w slems. We also mentioned that heat can be transferred in three different 0 alone. the driving force for heat transfer, just as the ologe difference is the driving force for electric current flow and pressiure difference is the driving in that direction. The larger the temperature difference. the higher the particles of a substance to the adjacent less energetic ones as a result of liquids, or gases. In gases and iids, conduction is due to the collisions and difisionw of the molecu es during their random motion. In solids, it is due to the combination of wibrations of the molecules in a lattice and the nergy transport by free electrons. A cold canned drink in a warm room. In daily life, we frequently refer to the sensible and latent forms of interna energy as heat, and we talk about the heat content of bodies. In as thermal energy to prevent any confusion with heat transfer. The lem hew ard the associated phrases such as hear ow, hend adio, generarion, elecrical heating, oteat heat,body hear, and Rear source are in Brometry of the medium,rs thickness, and the maleriaf of the medium decreasing t

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Telling the name of the text book just by looking at the pages ( that too just two) is next to impossible. Had there been some pages with few questions, then it might have been a bit less difficult to guess the text book.

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