mark the answer and give a brief explanation of why its right 3. An decrease in
ID: 16301 • Letter: M
Question
mark the answer and give a brief explanation of why its right3. An decrease in which one of the following would most likely result in chronic hypertension?
A. Renal sympathetic nerve activity
B. Aldosterone
C. Angiotensin II
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
4. A male patient has unexplained severe hyponatremia (plasma Na+ = 122 mmol/L) and complains of
infrequent urination and small urine volumes. A urine specimen reveals that the urine concentration is very
high. Which of the following is the most likely reason for his condition?
A. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
B. central diabetes insipidus
C. syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
D. primary aldosteronism (aldosterone-secreting tumor, perhaps)
E. renin-secreting tumor of the juxtaglomerular cells
Explanation / Answer
3. E Emotional stress leads to activation of the renal sympathetic nervous system, which causes increased release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves in the heart and blood vessels, leading to increased cardiac output and increased systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, the adrenal medulla secretes more catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine). Activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases circulating angiotensin II, aldosterone, and vasopressin, which can increase systemic vascular resistance. Prolonged elevation of angiotensin II and catecholamines can lead to cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, both of which can contribute to a sustained increase in blood pressure. 4.C The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia in pediatrics. The syndrome is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality that results from inappropriate, continued secretion and/or action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) despite normal or increased plasma volume
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.