mark answer and give a brief explanation why you chose that answer 19. Which of
ID: 16305 • Letter: M
Question
mark answer and give a brief explanation why you chose that answer19. Which of the following statements is/are true?
A. Aldosterone has no effect on water reabsorption.
B. Aldosterone exerts its effects via the second messenger IP3.
C. ADH exerts its effects via the second messenger cAMP.
D. ADH is a protein hormone which cannot cross cell membranes.
E. C and D are both true.
23. A 65-year-old woman with a 10-year history of essential hypertension visits her physician for an
examination. Laboratory test results indicate that the patient has plasma renin activity two or three times
higher than normal. The patient is given a prescription for Captopril, an angiotensin II converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitor. An increase in which one of the following would you expect to occur in this patient after
administration of the ACE inhibitor?
A. Total peripheral resistance
B. Arterial pressure
C. Angiotensin II
D. Aldosterone
E. Urinary excretion sodium
Explanation / Answer
19.E Aldosterone elicits not only genomic effects with physiological consequences within hours or days but also elicits rapid nongenomic effects, such as activation of sodium transport in target cells, within seconds or minutes. Rapid aldosterone effects, which have also been shown in several in vivo studies in humans (e.g., increase in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure), are of potential clinical importance. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a protein hormone created in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior (back side) of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. ADH is responsible for conservation of water in the body. This is done by decreasing the release of water from the kidneys into the urine. In the kidneys, water is first filtered from the blood (along with waste products). Much of this water is reabsorbed and delivered back to the blood. ADH stimulates this reabsorption of water. The end effect of high ADH levels is: 1) decreased urine, 2) increased water in the blood, and 3) increased blood pressure (due to a higher volume of water in the blood). 23.E
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