mark answer and give brief explanation why you chose that answer 24. The secreti

Question

mark answer and give brief explanation why you chose that answer

24. The secretion of ADH would increase in response to
A. drinking and absorbing one liter of isotonic NaCl
B. moving from a sitting to a standing position
C. failure of the right side of the heart
D. drinking and absorbing 0.5 liters of 600 mosmol/L NaCl solution
E. drinking and absorbing one liter of distilled water


26. A 26-year-old construction worker is brought to the emergency room with a change in mental status after
working a 10-hour shift at a site along the interstate highway. The average outside temperature on this
summer day was 97°F. The man had been sweating profusely during the day but did not drink water because
of a religious practice of fasting during daylight hours. He has a fever of 102°F, heart rate of 140 beats/min,
and blood pressure of 100/55 mm Hg in the supine position. On examination, he has no perspiration,
appears to have dry mucous membranes, and is poorly oriented to person, place, and time. Assuming that
his kidneys were normal yesterday, which set of hormone levels, compared with normal values, describes
his condition?
A. High ADH, high renin, low angiotensin II, low aldosterone
B. Low ADH, low renin, low angiotensin II, low aldosterone
C. High ADH, low renin, high angiotensin II, low aldosterone
D. High ADH, high renin, high angiotensin II, high aldosterone
E. Low ADH, high renin, low angiotensin II, high aldosterone

Explanation / Answer

24. D. The correct answer is D because that fluid is hypertonic. The body would need minimal loss of water to reach some level of homeostasis. 25. D. Both ADH and aldosterone will be elevated. The worker would have sweated early in the day to release heat. Volume was not replaced, fluid-deficiency became an issue, resulting in an increase in the secretion of thehormones ADH and aldosterone, causing fluid to be retained by the kidneys and urine output to be reduced. (The other two hormones would also be elevated for a related but different reason...the worker's blood pressure is becoming lower due to the decreased volume.)

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