6.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy release energy. while endergonic reactions re
ID: 163651 • Letter: 6
Question
6.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy release energy. while endergonic reactions require an input of energy to occur. In the body, many reactions. as protein and Transformations carbohydrate synthesis, are endergonic. For these nonspontaneous reactions to occur during metabolism, they must be coupled with Learning outcomes exergonic reactions, such that a net spontaneous reaction results. Many biological processes use ATP as an energy canrier between upon completion of this section. you should be able to exergonic and endergonic reactions. 1. Explain how the ATP cycle involves both endergonic and 2. Describe how energy is stored in a of ATP ATP: Energy for Cells 3. Examine how cells use ATP to drive energetically te) is the common energy cumency of ATP (adenosine triphospha cells; when cells require energy, they use ATP A sedentaryoak tree, a flying bat, human require of more All living organisms maintain their structure and function through the organism, the greater the demand for ATP However, cells do not keep a large store of ATP molocules on hand. Instead. they chemical reactions. Metabolism is the sum all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. Reactants are substances that par- constantly regenerale ATP using ADP e in a reaction, while products are substances that form as and inorganic phosphate, is called the ATPcycle (Fig. 63) a result of a reaction. n the reaction A C D A and B This cycle is powered by the breakdown glucose and other are the reactants, while Cand Dare the products, whether a reac- molecules during cellular respiration. However, according to the tion occurs spontaneously--that is, without an input of energy- second law of thermodynamics, this process is not very efficient. depends on how much energy is left after the reaction. Using the only 39 of the free energy stored in the chemical bonds of a glu- concept of entropy. or disorder. a reaction occurs spontaneous ly cose molecule is transformed to ATP, the rest is lost as heat. There are many biological advantages to the use of ATP as it increases the entropy of the universe. an energy camier in living systems. ATP provides a common n cell biology, which occurs on a small scale, we are less because it can be used in many different reactions. Also, when ATP is converted to energy, ADP concerned about the entire universe. which is vast. In such specific energy currency cell use the concept of free energy instead of types of to efficiently and P, the amount of energy released entropy. Free energy (also called "delta G. or AG) is the amount biologicalfunctio tn addition, An brekidor a can of energy left to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred be coupled to endergonic reaction ia a way th mi imi es The change in free energy after a reaction occurs is determined by subtracting the free energy content of the reactants from that energy los products. A negative resull means that the products have less Structure of ATP free energy than the reactants, and the reaction will occur spontane our if Cand D have less free energy and nine and the 5-carbon then the reaction occurs without additional input of energy Metabolism includes both spontaneous reactions and energy- requiring reactions. Exergonic reactions are spontaneous ATP is unstable and has mole. A mole is a unit of a high potential energy. the molecular weight of a molocule expresso grams. The hydrolysis of ATP releases previously stored energy, alowing the changoin free energy to do work and drive other processes Has negative deta G. creation of ATP from ADP and r aires input of energy from 0.3 The ATP cycle. In cells, ATP carries energy between ADP is more stable and has lower potential energy than ATP tions and endergonic reactions. When a group is droysis ATP releases the appropriate amount of energy forExplanation / Answer
Metabolic reaction and energy transformation
Metabolism is some of chemical reactions that occur in a cell. In case of cell biology instead of entropy concept of free energy (delta G) is used. Free energy is the amount of energy left to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred. Negative (-delta G) indicate that the product have less free energy than the reactant and reaction will occur spontaneously. Metabolism include both spontaneous reactions and energy requiring reactions. Exergonic reactions are spontaneous and release energy, while endergonic reaction require an input of energy to occur. Carbohydrates and protein synthesis are endergonic reactions. Many biological process use ATP as energy carrier between exergonic and endergonic reaction ATP is a energy currency of cells. cells do not store ATP on hand instead that it constantly regenerate using ADP and inorganic phosphate. This is called as ATP cycle.
Muscle contraction occurs only when it is coupled to ATP breakdown. ATP hydrolysis provides the necessary energy for muscle contraction. During muscle contraction myosin filaments pull actin filaments to the center of cell and the muscles shorten. First, the myosin head combine with ATP and takes on it resting shape, Next ATP break down to ADP plus Phosphate. The resulting change in shape allows myosin to attach to actin finally the release of ADP and phosphate from myosin head caused it to change its shape again and pull on the actin filament.
In living system, ATP can be used as chemical work, transport work and mechanical work.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.