QUESTION 1 The closest living ancestors of birds are crocodilians. What provides

Question

QUESTION 1

The closest living ancestors of birds are crocodilians. What provides morphological evidence for this relationship?

both are homeothermic

both have extensive air sac system

both have a 4-chambered heart

both have differentiated teeth

none of the above

10 points   

QUESTION 2

If a field biologist captured a 4-legged vertebrate with wet slimy skin and external gills, what would they have caught?

salamander

lizard

reptile

monotreme

10 points   

QUESTION 3

The Mississippi slimy salamander (Plethodon mississippi) completely lacks lungs. How does it breathe?

respiration across the skin

extract oxygen from their blood

breath water with external gills

breathe through their highly vascularized anuses

10 points   

QUESTION 4

Sharks lack a swim bladder. Why is this a problem?

they are positively bouyant

they cannot stop from sinking

this slows their swimming speeds

they are unable to detect changes in water pressure

10 points   

QUESTION 5

A paleontologist finds a relatively complete skeleton but isn’t sure if it is an ape fossil or a hominid fossil. Which of the following features would not help distinguish between the two choices?

position of the opening in the skull for the spinal cord

design of the pelvis

relative length of the hind limbs

position of the eyes

all of the above would be helpful

10 points   

QUESTION 6

You are a teaching assistant for an introductory biology laboratory. You would like your students to see connections between admittedly very different looking and functioning creatures that make up the major groups of vertebrates. What structures could you point to in the bony fish that have connections in the evolutionary framework to higher vertebrates?

teeth arose from the rough scales of ancestral sharks

skeletal developments leading to the amphibian movement onto land probably evolved in from lobe-finned fishes

fish fins are ancestral (homologous) structures to the wings of birds

the swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of the amphibian urinary bladder

10 points   

QUESTION 7

After an ocean fishing trip, you return with a species that you have not encountered before. Your curiosity will not allow you to dismiss your catch without proper identification. Your fishing buddy argues that this is just another species of bony fish. As you observe the fish more closely, you conclude that it belongs with a taxonomic grouping that includes the sharks. What observed feature of your catch would lead you to such a conclusion (that it was a shark, NOT a bony fish)?

it has a bony skeleton

the eyes are on the side of its head

the liver is very fatty

it has a lateral line

10 points   

QUESTION 8

Mammals have specialized teeth that reflect the food that they eat. Which animal's teeth would be most similar to the teeth of the frog-eating bat?

beaver that consumes plant material

human that consumes a variety of food types

deer that eats plants

cat that consumes meat

10 points   

QUESTION 9

What support can be provided for the argument that hagfish are not fish?

they are found only in seawater

they lack jaws

they are found only in freshwater

they lack gills

10 points   

QUESTION 10

You need to explain to your study group why the breathing ability of amniotes is different than that of amphibians. Your classmates argue that something like a terrestrial salamander is identical in its breathing mechanism to an amniote. To convince them of the critical breathing innovations of amniotes, you report that in order to breathe as an amniote does, the terrestrial salamander would have to

grow scales on its body

develop new musculature associations in the ribcage

grow lungs

reduce the size of its mouth

both are homeothermic

both have extensive air sac system

both have a 4-chambered heart

both have differentiated teeth

none of the above

Explanation / Answer

2.Respiration differs among the different species of salamanders, and can involve gills, lungs, skin, and the membranes of mouth and throat. Larval salamanders breathe primarily by means of gills, which are usually external and feathery in appearance. So, the correct answer is option A (Salamander).

3. The mississippi salamander doen't have kungs for respirtaion. They breathe through their sking an dthe tissue lning in tehir mouth. Option A is teh correct answer.

4. The shark's lack of a swim bladder means that, unlike bony fishes, the sharks tends to sink. A bony fish uses an organ called a swim bladder to maintain neutral buoyancy, so it can hover like a hot air balloon. So, teh correct answer is option B.

5. Option B is the correct answer. I would like my students to know that skeletal developments leading to amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe fined fishes.

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