Muscles of the larynx that help mammals to produce complex sounds can contract a
ID: 165484 • Letter: M
Question
Muscles of the larynx that help mammals to produce complex sounds can contract and relax at much higher frequencies than the muscles of the limbs, but they produce relatively low force as they act on the vocal cords. Based on these characteristics, one would predict that laryngeal muscles have
unusually long sarcomeres.
high levels of myosin.
high levels of parvalbumin.
high levels of troponin T.
A.unusually long sarcomeres.
B.high levels of myosin.
C.high levels of parvalbumin.
D.high levels of troponin T.
Explanation / Answer
The correct answer is option C (high levels of parvalbumin). Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) are highly specialized muscles involved in phonation and airway protection, with unique properties that allow them to perform extremely rapid contractions and to escape from damage in muscle dystrophy. Parvalbumin, calmodulin and the ATPase, Ca2+-transporting, and plasma membrane-I were also expressed at higher levels in Intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
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