OO Sprint LTE 9:00 AM 97% d21.depaul.edu 1. What structures or signals are mecha
ID: 165577 • Letter: O
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OO Sprint LTE 9:00 AM 97% d21.depaul.edu 1. What structures or signals are mechanisms by which the body REGULATE sleep? You will be given a list, select all that apply.) 2. There are several theories that attempt to explain why we sleep. What are they and what is evidence for or against them? (On the quiz, you'll be given a list and asked to identify a theory that is NOT correctly matched with evidence supporting it. 3. To describe a physiological processes by saying that it has a circadian rhythm means that the process... MC) 4. Why does Dr. Bell tum on red lights when she's up late? (MC) 5. Melatonin receptors are present throughout your body, including in the uterus, gut, arteries, fat, pancreas, immune cells, and hypothalamus. These organs all demonstrate circadian rhythms, as well-for example, most spontaneous births occur at night. However, neural information from the SCN also reaches many of these same organs via the sympathetic nervous system. What are some possible experiments that could indicate which system (neural or endocrine) predominately drives the circadian rhythms observed in these organs? (Really, it'll likely be a combination of both, but consider this a thought exercise to illustrate how the different systems work. On quiz, you will be given a couple options and need to select an experiment that would NOT distinguish between neural and endocrine, MC) 6. Synaptic plasticity is a process important in responding to one's environment, in terms of leaming and memory, but also in the development ofaddiction and chronic pain. What are some examples (some overlapping) of synaptic plasticity? (MC) 7. Nociceptive pain can be distinguished from neuropathic pain based on what? (MC) 8. Ibuprofen has analgesic properties because it can do what? (MC)Explanation / Answer
(1)
The part of brain which controls the wakefulness and sleep is ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus.
Mechanism of sleep and wakefulness: The VLPO upon activation by serotonin, adenosine and prostaglandin D2 secretes inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and galanin. This results in suppression of the arousal system and induction of sleep. The arousal neurotransmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine inhibit VLPO and result in wakefulness.
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