Most previous studies on pesticides and Parkinson\'s disease (PD) focused on occ

Question

Most previous studies on pesticides and Parkinson's disease (PD) focused on occupational exposure in farmers. Whether non-occupational exposure is associated with PD has been little explored. We investigated the association between agricultural characteristics and PD incidence in a French nationwide study. We hypothesized that persons living in regions with agricultural activities involving more intensive pesticide use would be at higher risk. We identified incident PD cases from French National Health Insurance databases (2010-2012). The proportion of land dedicated to 18 types of agricultural activities was defined at the canton of residence level. We identified 69,010 incident PD cases. Rurality was associated with higher PD incidence. Cantons with higher density of vineyards displayed the strongest association. Persons living in the cluster with greatest vineyards density had 8.5% higher PD incidence. In France, vineyards rank among the crops that require most intense pesticide use. Regions with greater presence of vineyards are characterized by higher PD risk; non-professional pesticides exposure is a possible explanation.

Is study 2 is a a) Cross-sectional study b) Ecologic study c) Case-control study ?

Explanation / Answer

This study is ecologic study interpreting the impact of pesticides in PD. The higher rate incidence of PD emerges the need to do such kind of study and concluded the impact of how environment and particular crop impact the PD. the use of pesticide and human exposure warrant the patients suffering from PD. The exposure of pesticides significantly change the patients number suffered with PD, Exposure brings the mutation, and adaption and thus varies the incidence of PD.

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