Some genes are more highly conserved than others. For questions 24 and 25 pick t

Question

Some genes are more highly conserved than others. For questions 24 and 25 pick the more highly conserved genes from each pair
25.   Genes involved in sexual reproduction (A) vs. genes involved in translation (B)
a.   A
b.   B

26.   Genes involved in amino acid synthesis (A) vs genes involved in development (B)
a.   A
b.   B

27.   The DNA of introns is more highly conserved than the DNA of exons
a.   True
b.   False

28.   Most genome alterations and mutations have
a.   Positive consequences for organisms
b.   Neutral consequences for organisms
c.   Negative consequences for organisms

29.   To determine the most functionally important regions of the human genome (i.e., what makes us unique), which species would be more useful for comparison?
a.   Chimpanzee (diverged from humans 5 million years ago)
b.   Gorilla (diverged from humans 10 million years ago)
c.   Orangutan (diverged from humans 30 million years ago)

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

25. (a) A: Genes involved in sexual reproduction

Sequences are only likely to be highly conserved through geological time if they are required for basic cellular functions (such as coding for vital enzymes), stability, embryonic development, reproduction.

26. (b) B: Genes involved in development

27. (b) False

The DNA of introns is less highly conserved than the DNA of exons. This is because, mutation in introns do not affect the encoded protein since it is spliced out from the transcript.

28. (b) Neutral consequences for organisms

29. (a) Chimpanzee (diverged from humans 5 million years ago)

Humans are most closely related to chimpanzees, judging from comparisons of anatomy and genetics.

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