Can you please be specific in separating and simplifying (in detail) the THREE a

Question

Can you please be specific in separating and simplifying (in detail) the THREE additional ways that alanine mutation could result in a loss of protein activity and how this disruption would result in a loss of protein activity.

3. Alanine scanning is a technique to determine the importance of each amino acid to the function of the protein. This technique uses site directed mutagenesis to create a seriesof mutants, each ofwhich changes a single amino acid to alanine. If the mutant protein maintains comparable function to the original (wild type) protein, this indicates that the mutated amino acid is not essential. However, ifthe function decreases or is lost, there are several possible effects. For example, certain mutations of the primary structure are so disruptive, the protein is targeted for degradation by the unfolded protein response (UPR). Because the protein is degraded immediately after production, it is not present long enough in the cell to show any function. a. Using what you've learned about proteins, describe 3 additional ways that alanine mutation could result in a loss of protein activity. In each case, be sure toexplicitely relate how disruption would result in a loss of protein activity. (15 points)

Explanation / Answer

Alanine technique used determines the mutation in amino acid sequence of protein. It is chemically inert and it have methyl function group. It also helps in determining the activity and role of side chain. This technique used to analyze the side chain simultaneously. For example charged residues present on surface of epithelial sodium channel. Alanine will scan the charged molecule which helps in transport of proteins. Target protein will get substituted for alanine by site directed mutagenesis. This substitution along with alanine residue breaks the side chain interaction.

Alanine mutation in the transmembrane alters the receptor region for ligand binding.

Out of twenty amino acids few are structurally and functionally similar. For example aspartate and glutamate, Glutamate and asparagines, Last one is glycine and alanine. Mutation is in general responsible for change in the activity of protein.

There are following method used for mutation:-

Nonsense mutation, Missense mutation, Frameshift mutation

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