Culverts operate under inlet or outlet control. Under outlet control, either the

Question

Culverts operate under inlet or outlet control. Under outlet control, either the condition (e.g.. depth of water) at the pipe outlet or the capacity of the pipe barrel regulates the discharge through the culvert. Under inlet control, the inlet capacity, i.e., how much water the inlet can pass subject to headwater depth, regulates the discharge through the culvert. Under inlet control, the pipe barrel can carry whatever discharge passes the inlet, even if the pipe is flowing full. In any pipe network, the flow into any junction must equal the flow out of it. This is known as loop continuity. When performing flow profile analysis for a backwater curve, regardless of whether the channel is hydraulically mild or steep, calculations always proceed in the upstream direction. Open channel slopes are classified as hydraulically steep or mild based on a comparison of the critical and normal depths of flow. If y_c > y_n, the channel is classified as hydraulically steep, because uniform flow would be supercritical. A rigid pipe can support the soil overburden and surface dead and live loads without deforming or bending. On the other hand, a flexible pipe deforms, i.e., changes shape, and/or bends longitudinally to transmit overburden and surface and dead loads to the surrounding soil. The most common rigid pipes are concrete and the most common flexible pipes arc corrugated metal, plastic, and high - density polyethylene. The Darcy - Weisbach equation uses the friction factor, f, which varies with pipe material and, depending on the magnitude of the Reynolds number, with flow rate. At low Reynolds (N_R 0]. If the pressure becomes negative [

Explanation / Answer

(2) TRUE

REASON: IT FOLLOWS THE LAW OF CONSERVATION.( DISCHARGE ALWAYS REMAINS CONSTT)

(3)TRUE

REASON: ALWAYS PROCEED IN UPSTREAM

(4)TRUE

REASON: WE COMPARE BETWEEN CRITICAL DEPTH AND NORMAL DEPTH TO CLASSIFY THE PROFILE.

(5) TRUE

(6)FALSE

REASON: IT DEPENDS ONLY REYNOLDS NO ..

(7)TRUE

REASON: HEAD LOSS DUE TO FRICTION ( MAJOR LOSS) AND MINOR LOSS ( DUE TO BEND , DUE TO SUDDEN OPENING, CLOSING)

(8 ) FALSE

REASON: IN PIPE FLOW HGL ALWAYS LIES ABOVE THE TOP SURFACE OF WATER

NOTE: 1st part is not clear ..

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