Suppose a biomedical engineer attempts to explain the risks of an experimental t

Question

Suppose a biomedical engineer attempts to explain the risks of an experimental treatment to a patient who is dying of cancer. The engineer asks a physician to translate the complicated medical analysis of the possible effects of the procedure into layperson's language and convey it to the patient. The physician warns, however, that the translation into lay terms really distorts the situation rather fundamentally. The engineer urges that the physician be empowered to make the decision for the patient. This is an example of weak paternalism, if the engineer does not think the patient can make truly "informed" decision. This is an example of weak paternalism, if the engineer thinks one of the choices is better than the other and does not want the patient to make the "wrong" choice. This is an example of strong paternalism, if the engineer thinks the patient cannot fully decide because of undue pressure from family to make one decision rather than another. This is an example of strong paternalism, if the engineer thinks the "moral agency" of the patient cannot be fully exercised under the circumstances. The electric power company proposes to build a nuclear power plant in your neighborhood. Given the newly deregulated electricity market, the power will be sold out of state because prices are higher there. If Fatima was the government regulator, she will most typically ask: Does the benefit to the general population outweigh the risk? Is the public being adequately protected from risk? Are those who bear the risk adequately sharing in the benefit? Is the project adequately consented to by the citizens? A factor of safety of at least 3 Eliminates the need to determine failure modes. Insures that the design is at acceptable risk. May be sufficient fix for some designs, but not for others. Is not sufficient for any design.

Explanation / Answer

13. Paternalism is the interference of an individual on another person, against their will, and defended or motivated by a claim that the person interfered with will be better off or protected from harm.

Weak Paternalism: An individual's autonomy should be restricted, by doing so we act to prevent the individual from doing harm to him or herself.

Strong Paternalism: An individual's autonomy should be restricted, by doing so we act to benefit the individual.

So answer B is correct.

4. The government has to ensure the general public are not in any type of risk due to this project.First the risk ob public due to project to be analysed

So answer B is correct.

5.Factor of safety varies from design to design.For common building design usually factor of safety of 2 is considered.For pressure vessels it range from 3.5 to 4, for automobile it is taken as 3.

So answer C is correct.

6. Overdesigning will cause huge cost increase and its unprofessional since for design standard codes provided by governmental agencies to be strictly followed.

So answer B is correct

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