Question 1(12 points) Define the following leveling terms: (a) vertical line, (b

Question

Question 1(12 points) Define the following leveling terms: (a) vertical line, (b) level surface, and (c) benchmark. Question 2 (12 points) How far will a horizontal line depart from the Earth's surface in (a) 1 km? (b) 5 mi? (c) 1200 ft? (Apply both curvature and refraction). Question 3 (10 points) Create a plot of combined curvature and refraction corrections for sight lines going from Or to 10,000 m in 1,000 m increments. Question 4 (12 points) On a large lake without waves, how far from shore is a sailboat when the top of its 30-ft mast disappears from the view of a person lying at the water's edge? Question 5 (14 points) Similar to Question 4, except for a 5-m mast and a person whose eye height is 1.5 m above the waters edge. Question 6 (12 points) what error results if the curvature and refraction correction is neglected in trigonometric leveling for sights: (a) 3000 ft long (b) 1200 m long (c) 4500 ft long?

Explanation / Answer

1) a) Vertical line means a line which Moves up and down and and perpedicular to the horizontal plane and parallel to the Y axis.

B) Level surface: It is the equipotential surface of earth gravity field. Ex: A still water body.

c)Bench mark: Which is a reference line taken to measure other points.

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