Q.Which statement provides the most likely explanation for the differing pattern
ID: 171535 • Letter: Q
Question
Q.Which statement provides the most likely explanation for the differing patterns of innervation in arthropod skeletal muscle (polyneuronal) and vertebrate skeletal muscle (single innervation)?
1 Vertebrates need to modulate muscle force, whereas arthropods always exert the same force with a given muscle.
2 Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are all-or-nothing, whereas arthropod neurons fire action potentials of varying magnitude.
3 Action potentials in arthropod neurons are all-or-nothing, whereas vertebrate neurons fire action potentials of varying magnitude.
4 The two patterns are products of the evolutionary history of the two taxa, and each one allows effective control of muscle contraction.
Q.Which of the following cannot modulate force production in smooth muscle?
1 Inhibition of myosin light-chain phosphatase
2 Inhibition of myosin light-chain kinase
3 Binding of Ca2+ to troponin C
4 Hormonal stimuli
Q.In the absence of _______, a muscle can contract but cannot relax.
1 myosin
2 oxygen
3 ATP
4 Ca2+
Q.Order the mechanisms of ATP generation by decreasing yield per episode of use.
1 Aerobic catabolism; anaerobic glycolysis; creatine phosphate
2 Aerobic catabolism; creatine phosphate; anaerobic glycolysis
3 Creatine phosphate; anaerobic glycolysis; aerobic catabolism
4 Anaerobic glycolysis; creatine phosphate; aerobic catabolism
Q.Which statement provides the most likely explanation for the differing patterns of innervation in arthropod skeletal muscle (polyneuronal) and vertebrate skeletal muscle (single innervation)?
1 Vertebrates need to modulate muscle force, whereas arthropods always exert the same force with a given muscle.
2 Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are all-or-nothing, whereas arthropod neurons fire action potentials of varying magnitude.
3 Action potentials in arthropod neurons are all-or-nothing, whereas vertebrate neurons fire action potentials of varying magnitude.
4 The two patterns are products of the evolutionary history of the two taxa, and each one allows effective control of muscle contraction.
Q.Which of the following cannot modulate force production in smooth muscle?
1 Inhibition of myosin light-chain phosphatase
2 Inhibition of myosin light-chain kinase
3 Binding of Ca2+ to troponin C
4 Hormonal stimuli
Q.In the absence of _______, a muscle can contract but cannot relax.
1 myosin
2 oxygen
3 ATP
4 Ca2+
Q.Order the mechanisms of ATP generation by decreasing yield per episode of use.
1 Aerobic catabolism; anaerobic glycolysis; creatine phosphate
2 Aerobic catabolism; creatine phosphate; anaerobic glycolysis
3 Creatine phosphate; anaerobic glycolysis; aerobic catabolism
4 Anaerobic glycolysis; creatine phosphate; aerobic catabolism
Explanation / Answer
Q.1 Q.Which statement provides the most likely explanation for the differing patterns of innervation in arthropod skeletal muscle (polyneuronal) and vertebrate skeletal muscle (single innervation)?
Answer-4. The two patterns are products of the evolutionary history of the two taxa, and each one allows effective control of muscle contraction.
Description-The amplitude of an action potential is independent of the amount of current that produced it. larger currents do not create larger action potentials. Therefore, action potentials are said to be all-or-none signals, since either they occur fully or they do not occur at all.This is in contrast to receptor potentials, whose amplitudes are dependent on the intensity of a stimulus.
Myelination is found mainly in vertebrates, but an analogous system has been discovered in a few invertebrates, such as some species of shrimp. Not all neurons in vertebrates are myelinated for example, axons of the neurons comprising the autonomous nervous system are not, in general, myelinated
Q.2.Which of the following cannot modulate force production in smooth muscle?
Answer-4) Hormonal stimuli
Description-Hormonal stimuli refers to the release of a hormone in response to anotherhormone. A number of endocrine glands release hormones when stimulated byhormones released by other endocrine glands. For example, the hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate the anterior portion of the pituitary gland
Q.In the absence of _______, a muscle can contract but cannot relax.
Answer- ATP
Description-Muscle relaxation requires ATP.A muscle stop contracting when it runs out of ATP.In the absence of ATP, the myosin head will not detach from actin.ATP binding to myosin is a very exergonic reaction, with the result that ATP displaces actin from the myosin head as indicated by the equation below. Thus, it is often said that ATP is required for muscle relaxation. It is important to note that in relaxed muscle, myosin is in its high-energy conformational state.
Q.Order the mechanisms of ATP generation by decreasing yield per episode of use.
Answer-1 Aerobic catabolism; anaerobic glycolysis; creatine phosphate
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.