Each multiple choice question is graded for 2 points; essay question(s) - as spe

Question

Each multiple choice question is graded for 2 points; essay question(s) - as specified; the total exam score is 100 points. There is no makeup exam. Academic honesty applies. Any instance of cheating will result in a 0 score on this exam. All EXCEPT which of the following are stages of mitosis? a) S phase b) Telophase c) Prophase d) Metaphase Cytokinesis is a part of ___. a) M phase b) mitosis c) metaphase d) interphase e) diplotene A startup cell culture contains 1 cell. How many cells will this culture contain after 5 rounds of mitotic cell division? a) 2 b) 5 c) 16 d) 32 e) 160 Somatic cells of an organism contain 2n=4 chromosomes After M phase is completed, the daughter cells will contain: a) 2n=16 b) 4n=8 c) 2n=4 d) 2n=8 e) 1n=4 During S phase of the cell cycle. ___. A) DNA recombines B) RNA replicates C) DNA content essentially doubles D) sister chromatids move to opposite poles E) the nuclear membrane disappears The structure responsible for organisation of the mitotic spindle is called: a) centrosome b) centromere c) centrifuge d) chromosome e) anaphase How many haploid sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid cell with 12 chromosomes? a) 2 b) 6 c) 12 d) 24 e) 48 A eukaryotic chromosome at prophase is made up of _ sister chromatids, while at telophase, it is made up of _sister chromatids. a) 1,0 b) 4, 2 c) 2, 1 d) 2.0 e) 1, 2 A cell with 2n=4 chromosomes enters meiosis. The number of chromosomes per cell is _ after meiosis I and _ after meiosis II. a) 8,0 b) 4, 4 c) 2, 4 d) 2, 2 e) 2, 1 Crossing over refers to ___. a) the random segregation of dyads in metaphase I of meiosis b) the formation of lateral elements between paired homologs during zygonema c) genetic exchange between nonsister chromatids during the pachytene stage of meiosis I d) the onset of homology search in the leptotene stage of meiosis I When do sister chromatids separate during meiosis? a) metaphase I b) anaphase I c) telophase I d) metaphase II e) anaphase II Chiasmata become visible during: a) leptotene b) zygotene c) pachytene d) diplotene e) diakinesis If a typical somatic cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are expected in each gamete of that organism? A) 24 B) 12 C) 6 D) 48 E) none of the above In a healthy female, how many ova would be expected to form from 5 oogonia? How many first polar bodies? A) 20; 5 B) 10; 5 C) 20; 30 D) 10; 10 E) 5; 5 If two genes assort independently (they are not linked), then the double heterorygotes (Aa Bb) produce gametes a) with genotype ratio of 1/4 AB: 1/4 ab b) with genotypic ratio of 1/4 AB: 1/4 Ab: 1/4 aB: 1/4 ab c) with genotypic ratio of 1/4 A: 1/4 a: 1/4 B: 1/4 b d) that contain 2 alleles per each gene e) none of the above Round (R) seed shape is dominant to wrinkled (r) seed shape in pea plants. If a RR plant is crossed with a rr plant, what is the frequency of phenotypes in the F_1 generation? a) 1/4 RR, 1/2 Rr, 1/4 rr b) All wrinkled seeds c) 1/4 round seeds, 1/4 wrinkled seed d) All round seeds e) 9:3:3:1 ratio The follows Statement applies to the next 3 questions The P_1 cross of starchy purple x sweet colorless resulted in all starchy and purple F_1. The F_2 is as follows: 88 starchy and purple, 32 starchy and colorless, 29 sweet and purple, 17 sweet and colorless. How many genes and how many alleles per gene (respectively) are involved? a) 1, 4 b) 1, 2 c) 2, 2 d) 2, 4 e) 4, 2 The number of degrees of freedom is ___ a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4 The Chi-square for this data is equal to 4.709. Based on the probability table (see last page), the corresponding p value is ___ a) p > 0.95 b) 0.7 > p > 0.5 c) 0.3 > p > 0.2 d) 0.2 > p > 0.1 e) 0.05 > p > 0.01 A different repeat of the experiment from previous question produced a very different set of F_2 counts. For this data set, the corresponding p value was at 0.01 > p > 0.001. Based on this p value, one must ___. a) reject the null hypothesis b) fail to reject the null hypothesis c) cannot draw any conclusion regarding the null hypothesis Null hypothesis states that ___ a) there is no significant difference between the expected and the observed result

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1: a) S phase (see reason below)

There is nothing called S phase in mitosis. Mitosis comprises of four basic stages - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Sometimes cytokinesis is also considered, it being the end point of cell division.

Answer 2: b) Mitosis (see reason below)

Cytokinesis is often considered as the end stage of mitosis. The character feature of cytokinesis is that at this stage, the DNA has copied and split completely and the cells have split completely and each cell has its own cytoplasm.

Answer 3: d) 32 (see reason below)

During mitosis one cell divides to form 2 new cells. So at every stage the number of cells doubles. If one starts with 1 cell, mitosis results into 2 new cells (round1), and if each of these 2 cells divide by mitosis they will result into 4 new cells (round 2). These 4 cells will divide to give 8 new cells (round 3). 8 cells will divide by mitosis to give 16 new cells(round 4). 16 new cells will divide to give 32 new cells (round 5).

Answer 4: c) 2n = 4 (see reason below)

Division of somatic cells results into formation of copies of the DNA having saame number of chromosomes. So the the number does not change.

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