Exercise 1. Each of the following arguments is wrong. Figure out the mistake and

ID: 1720322 • Letter: E

Question

Exercise 1. Each of the following arguments is wrong. Figure out the mistake and explain, which rule has been violated or applied wrongly.

1 x : ¬P(x) Q(x) Premise

2 x : P(x) R(x) Premise

3 P(a) R(a) 2

4 P(a) 3

5 R(a) 3

6 ¬P(a) Q(a) 1

7 Q(a) 4, 6

8 Q(a) R(a) 5, 7

9 x : Q(x) R(x) 8 Conclusion

1 P(a) Premise

2 x : P(x) Q(x) Premise

3 P(a) Q(a) 2

4 Q(a) 1, 3

5 Q(a) S(a) 4

6 x : Q(x) S(x) 5 Conclusion

1 xy : P(x, y) Premise

2 y : P(a, y) 1

3 P(a, b) 2

4 x : P(x, b) 3

5 yx : P(x, y) 4 Conclusion

(1) is step 3 is wrong.

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