Describe the biological fate the chemicals below (Paraquat, Malathion or Benzo(a

Question

Describe the biological fate the chemicals below (Paraquat, Malathion or Benzo(a)pyrene) once it has Been eaten by a mamma) (such as a rat or human). In addition, in your description, be sure to provide specific information about the mechanism which the chemical causes toxicity and what is the toxic form of the chemical Finally. show two phase I metabolites of the chemical and name the specific metabolic enzyme reaction involved. You may use a flow diagram to help with your description if you desire (it's not required however).

Explanation / Answer

1. Ingestion of Paraquate- can cause lung sores, liver damage and can affect kidney. Due to lung congestion, it can cause acute resoiratory disorder and may sometimes lead to death due to suffocation.

It has redox activity and thus producing superoxide ions becomes toxic.

Acute toxicity can occur by oral ingestion of its toxic form called LD50. The dosage may vary from speices to species, but a maximum dose of 35mg/kg may not create damage in human beings. In case of cows, the damage causing dosage is 50-75 mg/kg.

2. Ingestion of Malathion - causes a series of abnormalities. It causes diarrhoea, swelling, overstimulation of nerve receptors causing paralysisirritation and is carcinogenic in nature.

Malathion is a cholinesterase. It goes and binds to various serine residues and forms deactivation of the enzyme, resulting in accumulation of acetylcholine and therby leading to overstimulation of nervous system.

The toxic form of Malathion is a lethal dose of LD50 570mg/kg in case of guinea pig. This lethality can vary depending upon the species it is acted on.

3. Ingestion of Benzopyrene- it affects the immune system by attacking the macrophages, affects the nervous system by slowing down the activity of nerve cell and also affects the reproductive system by affecting the testicles and epididymis function and also lowers the production of testesteron and sperm cells. It also intercalates with DNA, leading to a G to T transversion and leading to cancer. Causes respiratory malfunction and chest pain.

The Method of chemical action of benzopyrene solely depends on the fact that it is an aromatic hydrocarbon. Its bio-activation is very lethal.

Its dose varies from species to species but metabloic activation lead to DNA adducts causing cancer in humans.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse D
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.