Name four (4) symptoms of osteoarthritis! Other than joint replacement implants,
ID: 174662 • Letter: N
Question
Name four (4) symptoms of osteoarthritis! Other than joint replacement implants, name two methods of treating osteoarthritis (not just pain)! Name four potential problem types that can affect total joint replacements! Number the materials from the most susceptible to corrosion (1) to the least susceptible to corrosion (4)! Ceramics Cobalt-Chrome Alloy Stainless Steel Titanium What year was legislation approved that most greatly increased medical device regulation? Circle the roman numeral of the best answer for this Multiply choice question. a. The most important step in the patenting process is to: i. Hire a good patent attorney ii. Document your design and design process iii. Evaluate marketability iv. File an early provisional patent applicationExplanation / Answer
4. Arthritis is the condition of inflammation in the joints and is a disabling disease of skeletal system. Osteoarthritis (OA) is common in older persons and in both the men and women. The disease is characterized by “wear and tear”, the degeneration of articular cartilage. The cartilage becomes rough by wear and joint movement is accompanied by crunching or crackling sounds called crepitus.
The OA affects fingers, intervertebral joints, hips and knees. The disease results in overgrowth of bone and thickening periarticular soft tissue. Osteoarthritis affects mainly major weight bearing joints. Except pain in the joints and stiffness no systemic symptoms or biochemical abnormalities are observed.
5. Orthroplasty is a treatment for replacement of a diseased joint with an artificial device known as joint prosthesis. Joint prostheses were developed to treat war injuries during World War II and Korean War. Joint prostheses are available for finger, shoulder, and elbow hip and knee joint replacements. The prosthesis to be effective should have characteristics like strong, nontoxic and corrosion resistant.
Apart from joint replacement therapy, physical therapy including range - of- motion exercises and aerobic exercises are suggested to improve the flexibility and movement of joints. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory (NSAID) drugs like Aspirin, ibuprofen and analgesics like Acetoaminophen and corticosteroids are prescribed for reducing pain and inflammation in the joints. Heat and cold therapies are suggested for immediate relief.
6.
The prosthesis to be effective should have characteristics like strong, nontoxic and corrosion resistant. It must bind firmly to the damaged bone and enable a normal range of motion with minimal friction. The heads of long bones are replaced with prosthesis made up of metal alloys like cobalt-chrome, titanium alloy or stainless steel. Joints sockets are made up of polyethylene are used. The prostheses are bound to patient’s bone with screws or bone cement.
The most common cause for the failure of prostheses is detachment from the bone. This problem can be reduced by using porous coated prosthesis that can be infiltrated by the bone and forms a firm bond. Prosthesis is not strong enough as natural joint but is an option for several patients.
7. he heads of long bones are replaced with prosthesis made up of metal alloys like cobalt-chrome, titanium alloy or stainless steel. But, these prostheses are subjected to corrosion.
Ceramics - least susceptible to corrosion (4)
Titanium - (3)
Cobalt - chrome alloy - (2)
Stainless steel - most susceptible to corrosion (1)
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