The smallest mutation, a change to just one nitrogenous base pair, is called a p

Question

The smallest mutation, a change to just one nitrogenous base pair, is called a point mutation. There are 3 kinds of point mutations: additions of base or bases, deletions of a single base or bases, and substitutions of one base for another in DNA. They result in the respective addition of, a deletion of, or the substitution of one nitrogen base in the DNA sequence. The chart below will explore the effect of each of these mutations on the final product of the segment of the indicated DNA template strand in each case: The amino acid sequence of the portion of the polypeptide specified by the DNA segment. You will explore each case and provide the mRNA codons, tRNA anticodons and the amino acids specified by the coding DNA segment. A set of questions related to each case will follow. The genetic code is illustrated below to assist you with this particular problem. An example has been provided on the left-hand side of the table also for reference and displays the unmutated DNA template strand segment. Deletion Original DNA Addition Substitution template DNA TAC AAT CGT ACA TAC AA CGT ACA TAC ACA TCG TAC TAC AAT CGT ACT mRNA codons AUG UUA GCA UGU tRNA anticodons UAC AAU CGU ACA amino acids 1. methionine 2. leucine 3. alanine 4. cysteine

Explanation / Answer

Template DNA

TAC AAT CGT ACA

TAC AA_ CGT ACA

TAC AAC GTA CA

mRNA codons

AUG UUA GCA UGU

tRNA anti-codons

UAC AAU CGU ACA

amino acid

1. methionine

2. leucine

3. alanine

4. cysteine

1. methionine

2. leucine

3. histidine

1. methionine

2. cysteine

3. serine

4. methionine

1. methionine

2. leucine

3. alanine

4. stop

Part A: 5'-AUG UUG CAU GU-3'

From the rearranged DNA template, the above mRNA sequence would be obtained

Part B: UAC AAC GUA CA

Complementary bases of the corresponding mRNA would give the tRNA anti-codons

Part C: N-Methionine-Leucine-Histidine-Valine-C

From the chart, the above amino acids were found to be coded by the corresponding mRNA codons. The codon for Valine is GU_ The space can be filled by any base A/U/G/C

The below parts can be solved in similar manner.

Part D: AUG UGU AGC AUG

Part E: UAC ACA UCG UAC

Part F: N-Methionine-Cysteine-Serine-Methionine-C

Part G: 5'-AUG UUA GCA UGA-3'

Part H: UAC AAU CGU ACU

Part I: N-Methionine-Leucine-Alanine-Stop codon-C

Original DNA Deletion Addition Substitution

Template DNA

TAC AAT CGT ACA

TAC AA_ CGT ACA

TAC AAC GTA CA

TAC ACA TCG TAC TAC AAT CGT ACT

mRNA codons

AUG UUA GCA UGU

AUG UUG CAU GU AUG UGU AGC AUG AUG UUA GCA UGA

tRNA anti-codons

UAC AAU CGU ACA

UAC AAC GUA CA UAC ACA UCG UAC UAC AAU CGU ACU

amino acid

1. methionine

2. leucine

3. alanine

4. cysteine

1. methionine

2. leucine

3. histidine

1. methionine

2. cysteine

3. serine

4. methionine

1. methionine

2. leucine

3. alanine

4. stop

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