Question XII. Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are antigens found exclusively on t

Question

Question XII. Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are antigens found exclusively on tumor cells and are not expressed by normal cells. TSAs can originate [complete the sentence and assess the resulting statements (158-169) as either factually correct (true) or incorrect (false) in the given context]:

158. from self-proteins to which the immune system is not tolerant.

159. from viral proteins to which the immune system is not tolerant.
160. from proteins involved in mitosis that are produced at higher concentrations because the cells are continually dividing.
161. as the result of mutations in normal genes in the tumor cell that cause changes in amino acid sequence that generate new epitopes.
162. from proteins expressed during embryogenesis that have become deregulated and reactivated transcriptionally.
163. from proteins expressed continuously at high levels in tumor cells, but only expressed at low levels or transiently in normal cells.
164. by the generation of hybrid genes through genetic recombination, with the consequent production of a new protein unique to the tumor cell.

165. from non-contiguous peptides spliced together by peptide bonds in the proteasome.

166. from proteins normally expressed in immunologically privileged sites.
167. from proteins modified by abnormal post-translational processes.
168. by multiple mechanisms and can serve as targets for cancer immunotherapy.

169. by multiple mechanisms and cannot serve as targets for cancer immunotherapy.

Explanation / Answer

158. TSAs can originate from self-proteins to which the immune system is not tolerant. – Yes, the given statement is true, because TSAs produced by the host cells that became cancerous.

159. TSAs can originate from viral proteins to which the immune system is not tolerant. – Yes, the given statement is true, because TSAs are also produced by the host cells and tumor causing viruses in combination.

160. TSAs can originate from proteins involved in mitosis that are produced at higher concentrations because the cells are continually dividing. – Yes, the given statement is true.

161. TSAs can originate as the result of mutations in normal genes in the tumor cell that cause changes in amino acid sequence that generate new epitopes. – Yes, the given statement is true.

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