The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of “complete physi

Question

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of “complete physical, mental and social well-being,” considering all of the cellular reactions that occur in the body are proceeding at rates commensurate with the organism's maximal survival in the physiological conditions. (a) A genetic disorder like Sickle-cell anemia that is the result of a single substitution of 6 Glu with a Val. Briefly describe the cause of sickle-cell anemia. Moreover, in terms of biological agents, list the enzyme(s) targeted by TSA-based drugs against (b) AIDS and (c) flu?

Explanation / Answer

In sickle cell anemia the substitution of Glutamine with valine changes the polarity to non polar hydrophobic side chain. The hemoglobin gets aggregated due to this and the valine binds with the beta chain of the molecule nearby and its valine will bind to the other. Thus the aggregated hemoglobin filter the RBC molecule and interrupts blood flow and RBC becomes sickle shaped. The sickle cell destruction causes anemia also.

In case of flu caused by ifluenza virus the drug is produced against the enzyme neuraminidase which helps the viral infection of the host. and in AIDS drugs produced against protease- which helps in the virion assembly in host cell.

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