What is alternative splicing, and give reasons why it is important? Briefly defi
ID: 176007 • Letter: W
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What is alternative splicing, and give reasons why it is important? Briefly define signal transduction and explain how the initial signal is amplified? Explain how the combinatorial model for gene regulation would allow for more precise regulation of gene expression and integration of different signals Describe the function of the G_2 checkpoint in the cell cycle. As part of your answer include roles for the following: anaphase promoting complex, ubiquitin, mitotic cyclins, mitotic cdk. inhibiting kinase, activating kinase, securing, separin (separase), and cohesin. and phosphatase.Explanation / Answer
1) Alternative splicng is regulated process during gene expression. In this process exons from the gene may be included or excluded to form final mRNA. This results in single gene coding multiple proteins.
This important because it created tremendous proteiomic diversity in humans. This singnificantly affect in various functions, likes cell activities, tissue specificity diseases and development.
2): Singal transduction is transfer of moleculer signal from outer environment of the cell to inside.
Signal transduction is a series of chemical reactions started in response to stimuli. Stimuli is recieved by receptor in cell surface and signal is then transducted to interior of the cell by senconadry messengers. sencondary messengers like Ca++ , cAMP amplifies the signal. And finally response is initiated by the cell.
3): In combinatorial control any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. This allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell. Transcription factors act thorugh different mechanisms, mostly they are present at hte end of signal transduction pathway and thereby controls final function.
4): Cells undergoing divion enters S phase in which DNA is replicated. In G2 it undergoes rapid groeth and protein synthesis and then enters in meosis. G2/M check point is the point which ensures cell has undergone all the nessesary changes in S and G2 phases and ready to divde.
anaphase pramoting complex:This marks target cell cycle proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome.
Ubiquitin: It performs number of function by conjugation with target proteins/Ubiquitinilation.
Mitotic cyclin: controls cell division by actuvating cyclin depndent kinase enzyme.
Mitotic inhibiting kinase: inhibition of cell division
Activating kinase promotion of cell division.
Cohesin: separation of sister chromatids.
Phosphatase: decompotion of dNTPs. transfer of Phophate group.
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