I\'m looking for help with a question for my Anatomy 2 class; it is a 3 part que

Question

I'm looking for help with a question for my Anatomy 2 class; it is a 3 part question, but any help would be appreciated.

Thank you!

13) Explain what occurs with the proteins that we digest and absorb from our diet? A) enzymes are ed for protein digestion and absorption and where do these enzymes activate and the processes required for their activation? B) How does the body use the proteins that we derive from the ingestion of meats and soybeans? c) Describe what possible outcomes that might arise due to the inadequate consumption of proteins?

Explanation / Answer

13 A. Protein digestion

The food we eat includes carbohydrates , proteins ,fats, vitamins and other nutrients which are essential for the growth and well being of the body.These complex food substances are broken down with the help of enzymes into simpler substances that can be easily absorbed by the body.

The process of digestion involves various organs in the body starting from the mouth the food passes through the oesophagus,stomach, small intestine,large intestine and finally the undigested food is excreted ..When food passes through all these organs they are subjected to mechanical as well as the chemical digestion process. The chemical digestion part of the food involves the release of the gastric juices, bile juices in addition to the enzymes that help in the process of breaking them down into simpler ones.

Protein digestion essentially takes place in the stomach and small intestine and is essentially hydrolytic reaction.The enzymes responsible for protein digestion are collectively called as the proteases or the proteinases.These enzymes are released in their inactive form and are known as zymogens which are then activated to become functionally.

Three enzymes are primarily responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach and the small intestine , they are

1.Pepsin : secreted by the chief cells of the stomach in the form of an inactive zymogen  pepsinogen. The HCL released by the pareital cells act as an activator to convert it into its active form the pepsin . The action of pepsin does not completely digest the protein but breaks it down into smaller polypeptide chains which are then further acted upon by the intestinal proteolytic enzymes.

2. Trypisn: It is produced by the pancreas in the form of trypsinogen , found in hte pancreastic juice along with amylase and lipase.The zymogen trypsinogen is activated by the enteropeptidase produced by the intestinal mucosa.

The active enzyme trypsin acts upon the peptide bond on the carboxyl side of the basic amino acids like arginine and lysine.

3. Chymotrypsin: chymotrypsinogen is the inacive precussor of chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas. The enzyme remains in its inactive form till it reaches the digstive tarct to prevent the damge to the pancreas where it is converted into chymotrypsin in presence of another enzyme trypsi.Chymotrypsin acts upon the peptide bonds with aromatic or large hydrophobic chains.   

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